Concept explainers
a.
To determine: The reasons due to which an organism cannot reproduce early, have large numbers of offspring at a time, and live a long life.
Introduction: The life history of an organism involves the traits that reflect the tradeoffs between survival and reproduction. The life history variables include the age at first reproduction, the process by which an organism reproduces, and the number of offsprings produced in each reproductive episode.
b.
To determine: Whether the given statements can be considered as r-selected or K-selected.
Introduction: The natural selection favors the different traits of life history at different densities of population. The population can either experience K-selection (density-dependent selection) or r-selection (density-independent selection).
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Study Guide for Campbell Biology
- D. Be Like Charles Darwin Direction: Read and answer the given tasks. Charles Darwin (1809-1882) is known for his theory of evolution by natural selection. He proposed the idea of natural selection to explain how species change over time. Below is the summary of Darwin's idea of natural selection. 1. In nature, organisms overproduce to survive. 2. In any population, the members have a variety of traits. They may differ, for example, in color, size, or speed. 3. Individuals with certain variations, such as a useful camouflage, or speed, survive in their environment. Then, they pass those variations to the next generation. 4. Eventually, offspring with specific adaptations make up majority of the population and may look completely different from their ancestors.arrow_forwardDescribe the advantages and disadvantages offermentationarrow_forwardWhich of the following statements best describes the advantage of sexual reproduction in organisms? It reduces genetic variation, which may be useful in the future. It prevents adaptation in a changing environment. It yields offspring with novel combinations of traits. It eliminates the possibility of harmful traits being passed on. tnf: Which of the following statements best describes the functions of villi and microvilli? Villi and microvilli form the inner layer of epithelial tissue in the small intestine and increase the absorption of nutrients from chyme. Villi and microvilli absorb food through the small intestine via smooth muscle contractions called peristalsis. Villi and microvilli increase the surface area of the small intestine, which increases the absorption of nutrients by diffusion. Villi and microvilli increase the surface area of the small intestine, which aids in the absorption of bile salts and vitamin B12.arrow_forward
- Choose one human multifactorial condition and describe it in detail. Include a description of the condition, possible genetic and environmental components that cause the condition as well as an explanation of why it is difficult to study multifactorial conditions. Include references. PDF https://www.genetics.edu.au/PDF/Environmental_and_genetic_interactions_fact_sheet-CGE.pdfarrow_forwardB.1. Let us assume that thick and short ovipositors are dominant to long and thin ovipositors. In a population of 2000 wasps, 16% of the population now have long and thin ovipositors. What is the frequency of individuals in the population that are heterozygous for this trait?arrow_forwardDescribe the following unifying theme in the study of life -Reproduction and inheritance and how this theme serve as the foundation in the study of biology. Thanks!arrow_forward
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- Which of the following BEST describes the relationship between genotype, phenotype, traits, and the environment? O Organisms acquire traits during their lifetime that alter their phenotype. This allows individuals to better adapt to their surroundings, and to pass on their phenotypes to their offspring regardless of their genes. An organism's phenotype is largely determined by its genes, or genotype. The relationship between an organism's phenotype and its environment determines the frequency of traits in a population. O The relationship between an organism's environment and its genotype determines the type of phenotype it will develop. Phenotypes are largely determined by the environment and organisms display traits that are unrelated to their genes.arrow_forwardTermites are a diploid eusocial species in which a colony's queen and king produce both sons and daughters through sexual reproduction. What evolutionary reasons may explain why workers forgo reproduction unless the king or queen dies? O Workers have a higher direct fitness than kings and queens. Workers that leave the home colony are unlikely to establish a new colony. O Workers increase their indirect fitness by contributing to the survival of their siblings. O Workers are more closely related to their siblings than they are to their own offspring.arrow_forwardDirection: Explain your answer. A common farming practice is to breed a female horse with a male donkey. The resulk is a very robust animal the mule. Most mules however are sterile, and therefore cannot reproduce. Are horses and donkeys members of the same species? Justify your answer.arrow_forward
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