Concept explainers
To review:
The processes that might contribute to the evolution of Batesian mimicry in two butterfly species and would the same processes affect both the mimic and the model similarity. Also, determine the process that contributes to the evolution of the mutualistic relationship between ants and acacia trees, and the way in which their action on the two mutualistic differ.
Introduction:
The microevolutionary processes include changes like gene flow, genetic drift, mutation, natural selection, and nonrandom mating. These phenomenons affect the relationships and interactions between the species and therefore help them to evolve. The genetic drift is drastic extinction of a species by any incident, while gene flow is a movement of a species from its native place onto another land.
Mutation refers to an occurrence of any random change into the genes of an individual. Natural selection is the selection of better species among the existing population and nonrandom mating is the mating between two organisms of the same population.
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Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)
- Give a Darwinian explanation of how cheetahs evolved to become faster. Your explanation is how natural selection works using Cheetahs as an example. Be sure to include andexplain the ideas of differential reproductive success and descent with modification. (You do not need to mention the formation of new species.)arrow_forwardGive a Darwinian explanation of how cheetahs evolved to become faster. Your explanation is how natural selection works using Cheetahs as an example. Be sure to include and explain the ideas of differential reproductive success and descent with modification. (You do not need to mention the formation of new species.)arrow_forwardTopic: Galapagos Finches Darwin’s readings took him to a predictive theory of how species might change with time: what later thinkers have called microevolution. Darwin’s philosophical worldview then took him beyond his evidence to a conviction that environmental constraints could create whole new structures and organisms. Soon Darwin’s theory of macroevolution replaced the Creator with an environment that could create solely by constraint. For your thread: According to Chapter 13 section 13.1, define microevolution and macroevolution. The Galapagos islands have a great diversity of landscapes – from lush vegetation to nearly barren lava fields yet the Galapagos Finches survive on each island. How can this be explained? Using the varying bills of the Galapagos Finches in figure 13.3 and additional research, explain how microevolution is evidenced.arrow_forward
- Identify each of the following reproductive barriers as prezygotic or postzygotic. a. One lilac species lives on acidic soil, another on basic soil. b. Mallard and pintail ducks mate at different times of the year. c. Two species of leopard frogs have different mating calls. d. Hybrid offspring of two species of jimsonweed always die before reproducing. e. Pollen of one kind of pine tree cannot fertilize another kind.arrow_forwardOne of Darwin’s finches, the medium ground finch (Geospiza fortis), is found on the small island of Daphne Major. These finches are seedeating birds. A major drought occurred on the island in 1977. Following the drought, the average beak size of medium ground finches had increased about 3%–4%. Why might a drought lead to an evolutionary change in beak size? Propose a hypothesis and explain how you could go about testing it.arrow_forwardPesticides can be used to control a variety of pests, such as insects, weeds, rodents, bacteria, fungi, etc. Over time many pesticides have gradually lost their effectiveness because pests have developed resistance – a significant decrease in sensitivity to a pesticide, which reduces the field performance of these pesticides. 1. Why do pesticides lose their effectiveness over time? Use the theory of natural selection and evolution to explain.arrow_forward
- Ground Finch Evolution (knowdl.com)arrow_forwardThe biological species concept is based on the assumption that species are reproductively isolated and do not share genes. And yet a number of organisms that are considered different species hybridize (mate and exchange genes). Hybridization between different species is more common in plants than in animals. Propose some possible reasons for this difference.arrow_forwardWhat makes the ecosystem of the Galapagos Island different than those found on large continentals? Upon what did Charles Darwin's original research on finches of the Galapagos Island focus? Describe the research Peter and Rosemary Grant conducted on the finches in the 1970's. Discuss the relationship between the finches' beak depth size and survival in terms of natural selection and fitness and the environmental causes that shaped the finch population of the islands.arrow_forward
- Define natural selection using the 5 points below to explain its role in understanding primate behavior. (1) there is variation among individuals; (2) some of that variation is heritable; (3) there is always competition between individuals for resources; (4) some variants outcompete other variants and leave more offspring; (5) to the extent that the parent's traits are heritable, then a larger portion of the next generation will reflect those traits.arrow_forwardIn terms of Darwinian evolution, explain how natural selection favors the Monarchs association with the milkweed. Your reply should include: • a description of what natural selection is • possible hypothesis of how it applies to the Monarcharrow_forwardSay that you had only the Florida example for the graph. Would it necessarily be true to claim that natural selection was acting on the beak length of the insect when the introduced host plant species became the abundant feeding site? Or could natural selection be acting on a character that is correlated with beak length? Why or why not?arrow_forward
- Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)BiologyISBN:9781305389892Author:Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillanPublisher:Cengage LearningBiology (MindTap Course List)BiologyISBN:9781337392938Author:Eldra Solomon, Charles Martin, Diana W. Martin, Linda R. BergPublisher:Cengage Learning