Chapter 52, Problem 1TYK

What is niche differentiation?

a. the evolution of traits that reduce niche overlap and competition

b. interactions that allow species to occupy their fundamental niche

c. the degree to which the niches of two species overlap

d. the claim that species with the same niche cannot coexist

Summary Introduction

Introduction:

Niche differentiation is also called niche partitioning or niche segregation. It is an evolutionary process caused by competition over several generations, which leads to different demarcation of specific areas and creating specific niche allowing both species to coexist. It leads to change in the traits of resource use.

Answer to Problem 1TYK

Correct answer:

The evolution of traits in species reduces overlap and competition. This happens as the species are able to utilize different resources as a result of niche differentiation.

Explanation of Solution

Explanation/Justification for the correct answer:

Option (a) is given that niche differentiation refers to the evolution of traits that change the resource use and, thus, reduces overlap and competition in the niche. This implies that the resource partitioning occurs. The competing species use the environment in a different way and this helps in their coexistence. Hence, option (a) is correct.

Explanation for incorrect answers:

Option (b) is given that the interactions that enable the species to occupy their fundamental niche are known as niche differentiation. There is no niche partitioning in the fundamental niche. Moreover, in the niche differentiation, organisms freely interact with other species and utilize the full range of resources for their survival. So, it is an incorrect option.

Option (c) is given that a degree to which the niches of two species overlap is known as niche differentiation. The degree of niche overlaps depends on the competition, and not on the niche differentiation. So, it is an incorrect option.

Option (d) is given that the claim made by species with the same niche cannot coexist is known as niche differentiation. It is known as the competitive exclusion principle. So, it is an incorrect option

Hence, options (b), (c), and (d) are incorrect.

Conclusion

Therefore, the niche differentiation is an evolutionary process in which the resource partitioning occurs. This results in the reduction in the competition between the species and, thus, niche overlap is also lowered down.