Biology
11th Edition
ISBN: 9781259188138
Author: Peter H Raven, George B Johnson Professor, Kenneth A. Mason Dr. Ph.D., Jonathan Losos Dr., Susan Singer
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Textbook Question
Chapter 51, Problem 2A
In comparing T-cell receptors and immunoglobulins
a. the proteins have unrelated structures, but diversity is generated by a similar mechanism.
b. the proteins have related structures, but diversity is generated by different mechanisms.
c. the proteins have related structures, and diversity is generated by a similar mechanism.
d. the proteins have unrelated structures, and diversity is generated by different mechanisms.
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Students have asked these similar questions
(1) In antibody structure, where are can we find unique variable domains?
A. at the tip of each polypeptide chain
B. on the stem region of the antibody
C. at the bottom of each polypeptide chain
D. only on immunoglobulin E
(2) The stem region of the antibody determines the:
A. general immunological mechanism of action
B. specific inflammatory response
C. specific immunological mechnism of action
D. shape of the variable domains
(3) Antibodies are proteins that consists of ------ polypeptides in a ------ shaped structure.
A. three, X
B. four, Y
C. five, clover
D. two, Y
Which of the following can be answered by
immunohistochemistry? Select all that apply.
a. Whether BDNF binds to NF200
b. Whether transcription occurs in GFAP-
expressing cells
c. Whether BDNF is found in GFAP-expressing
cells
d. Whether newly transcribed BDNF MRNA is
detectable in a tissue slice
In which of the following ways are T-cell receptors distinct from immunoglobulins? (Select all that apply.)
a. T-cell receptors are generated through somatic recombination.
b. The T-cell repertoire encompasses a very large degree of diversity.
c. T-cell receptors are never secreted subsequent to antigen encounter.
d. The variable region of T-cell receptors contains complementarity-determining regions that interact with antigen.
e. T-cell receptors are used solely for the purpose of antigen recognition and not for effector function.
Chapter 51 Solutions
Biology
Ch. 51 - Cells that target and kill body cells infected by...Ch. 51 - Structures on invading cells recognized by the...Ch. 51 - Which one of the following acts as the alarm...Ch. 51 - Prob. 4UCh. 51 - Receptors that trigger innate immune responses a....Ch. 51 - Diseases in which the persons immune system no...Ch. 51 - Suppose that a new disease is discovered that...Ch. 51 - You start a new job in a research lab. The lab...Ch. 51 - In comparing T-cell receptors and immunoglobulins...Ch. 51 - If you have type AB blood, which of the following...
Ch. 51 - Suppose that you get a paper cut while studying....Ch. 51 - If you wanted to cure allergies by bioengineering...Ch. 51 - Why do we need to be repeatedly vaccinated for...Ch. 51 - Prob. 7ACh. 51 - Suppose you take a job in the marketing department...Ch. 51 - Prob. 2SCh. 51 - Prob. 3SCh. 51 - Toll-like receptors have been found in a wide...
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- 277. Which of the following best describes the reason that the B cell receptor cannot transduce signals to the inside the cell once it binds antigen? A. The receptor requires twice the amount of antigen to be activated because it contains two sites. antigen binding b. lga is rapidly dephosphorylated c. The cytoplasmic domain of the receptor consists of 3 amino acids. d. Immunoglobulins (Ig) are inflexible moleculesarrow_forwardWhich of the following is false about innate immune receptors? A. They are encoded by intact genes inherited through the germline and are deployed non-clonally. B. They include pattern recognition receptors C. They are encoded by genes assembled from individual gene segment and clonally distributed. D. They recognize foreign molecules on microbes. E. none of the abovearrow_forwardAdaptive immunity includes both humoral and cell-mediated immune responses, which interact but also have distinct roles in adaptive immunity. Identify the example of a strictly cell-mediated immune response. A. A cytotoxic T cell destroys an infected host cell. B. A helper T cell activates a B cell. C. A B cell gives rise to plasma cells, which release antibodies. D. An antigen is taken in by an antigen-presenting cell.arrow_forward
- A researcher discovers that a breed of rabbits have antibodies that can neutralize HIV. The researcher decides to extract the antibody concentrated plasma and deliver it to a patient with HIV. What would you likely expect to see? a. The HIV patient will now have a fighting chance to eliminate HIV as the antibodies will not discriminate and bind to the same viral antigenic determinants. b. The HIV patient will form antibodies against the rabbit serum antibodies. c. The rabbit antibodies will opsonize the HIV antigenic determinants on the MHC II. d. The rabbit antibodies will never work because HIV in humans are different than HIV in rabbits.arrow_forwardThe five classes of immunoglobulin differ in …. Select one: a. None of the above b. Ability to bind various classes of antigens (viral, bacterial etc) c. Make up of the heavy and light chains d. Rate of mutation in the variable domain (i.e. speed at which each class can respond to a new antigen) e. Size of the variable domainarrow_forwardExplain why each choice (a-d) is correct or incorrect. All of the following are true of the classical pathway of complement activation EXCEPT one. Select the one answer that does NOT describe the classical pathway of complement activation. a. It is an example of overlap between innate and adaptive immune function. b. It requires that circulating antibodies are bound to antigens. c. Classical activation will result in enhanced inflammation, opsonization as well as formation of MAC proteins. d. It activates T helper cells by presenting antigen to them.arrow_forward
- Which of the following statements is true about the IL-1 family of cytokines? A. They are powerful activators of inflammation b. They are chemotaxis mediators. c. Directly stimulate the growth of immune system cells in the bone marrow d. They are mainly mediators of the antiviral responsearrow_forwardThe MHC structure is critical for... a. Natural Killer Cells to identify healthy cells b. T cells to become activated c. B cells to get activated d. Histamines to functionarrow_forwardAll of the following statements regarding immunoglobulin gene rearrangement are true except a. Non-B cells retain their chromatin containing the immunoglobulin loci in a ‘closed’ configuration. b. T-cells never transcribe immunoglobulin genes. c. There is only one promoter on the heavy-chain locus that is 5ʹ of the V segments. d. Pax-5, a transcription factor, interacts with enhancer sequences positioned 3ʹ of the heavy-chain C-region genes. e. Transcription of immunoglobulin loci precedes gene rearrangement.arrow_forward
- Explain why each choice (a-d) is correct or incorrect. Which statement is true about T cells? a. They usually directly recognize antigens, which then activates a subpopulation of killer cells b. Their proliferation is enhanced by interleukins 1 and 2. c. Once activated, they cannot secrete cytokines. d. They will develop into cytotoxic T cells if antigen is complexed with class II MHC proteins.arrow_forwardWhich of the following statements regarding pattern recognition receptors is correct? 單選: A. They bind specifically to bacteria. B. They bind specifically to viruses. C. They are mostly found on the surface of microorganisms. D. They recognize conserved molecular structures found on pathogens. E. They bind to the Fc region of antibody. O O O Oarrow_forwardDescribe how the B-cell receptor (BCR) differs from an antibody. Draw a generic example of each and point out the difference between them.arrow_forward
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