Chapter 5, Problem 91P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The balanced chemical equation for the combustion of butane needs to be determined.

Concept Introduction: The combustion of butane takes place in the presence of oxygen and results in the formation of carbon dioxide and water.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The volume of carbon dioxide produced needs to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

The number of moles can be calculated from mass and molar mass as follows:

  $n=\frac{m}{M}$

Here, m is mass and M is molar mass.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The Lewis structure of butane needs to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

The Lewis structure is drawn using valence electrons and lone pair of electrons in an atom. The electrons which are not involved in bonding are known as lone pair of electrons.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The Lewis structure for 2-methylpropane needs to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

The Lewis structure is drawn using valence electrons and lone pair of electrons in an atom. The electrons which are not involved in bonding are known as lone pair of electrons.

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The boiling point of butane or 2-methylpropane needs to be compared.

Concept Introduction:

For two molecules or compounds with same molecular formula and molecular weight, boiling point can be different if there is different arrangement of atoms. This is because boiling point increases, if surface area increases.

(f)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The vapor pressure of butane or 2-methylpropane needs to be compared.

Concept Introduction:

The vapor pressure of a compound and boiling point are inversely proportional to each other.

(g)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The type of intermolecular forces in a container containing butane and 2- methylpropane needs to be explained.

Concept Introduction:

Non-polar molecules are those in which atoms do not have any electronegativity difference between them.