Estimate the time required to cook a hot dog in boiling water. Assume that the hot dog is initially at
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Fundamentals of Heat and Mass Transfer
- The temperature of a gas stream is to be measured by a thermocouple whose junction can be approximated as a 1.2-mm-diameter sphere. The properties of the junction are k = 35 W/m °C, ρ= 8500 kg/m3 ,and Cp = 320 J/kg °C, and the heat transfer coefficient between the junction and the gas is h = 65 W/m2 °C. Determine how long it will take for the thermocouple to read %95 of the initial temperature difference.arrow_forwardA pipe 30 m long with an outer diameter of 75 mm is used to deliver steam at a rate of 1500 kg / hour. The vapor pressure is 198.53 kPa entering the pipe with a quality of 98%. The pipe needs to be insulated with a thermal conductivity of 0.2 W / (m K) so that the quality of the steam will only slightly decrease to 95%. The outer surface temperature of the insulation is assumed to be 25 ° C. Ignore resistance conductive of the pipe material and it is assumed that there is no pressure drop in the pipe. a. Determine the enthalpy of incoming vapor = Answer kJ / kg. b. Determine the enthalpy of steam coming out = Answer kJ / kg. c. Determine the vapor heat change / loss along the flow = Answer watt. d. Specify the minimum required insulation thickness = Answer cm.arrow_forwardA small copper wire with a diameter of 0.792 mm and initially at 366.5 K is suddenly immersed in a liquid held constant at 311 K. The convection coefficient h = 85.2 W/m2 · K. The physical properties can be assumed constant and are k = 374 W/m · K, cp = 0.389 kJ/kg · K, and ρ = 8890 kg/m3. Determine the time in seconds for the average temperature of the wire to drop to 338.8 K (one-half the initial temperature difference). Do the same but for h=11.36W/m2·K. Forpart(b),calculate the total amount of heat removed for a wire 1.0 m long.arrow_forward
- 2 (a) A short bronze cylinder of diameter 6 cm and length 12 cm is initially at 40°C and then plunged into a fluid at 200°C. The temperature at the centre of the cylinder is measured by a thermocouple to be 150°C after 5 minutes. What is the convective heat transfer coefficient between the cylinder and the fluid? The following properties of the bronze cylinder may be used: Thermal conductivity k = 26 W/m-K, density p = 8800 kg/m², and specific heat c = 420 J/kg-K. State and justify all assumptions made.arrow_forwardA cylindrical vessel (D=98,4 cm) is filled with water (ρ=1000 kg/m3, c=4.187 kJ/kg.K) to a depth of 113,64 cm. The initial temperature of the water is 15°C. Determine the time [min] required to increase the water temperature to 50°C when it is immersed into tank, filled with oil at 105°C. (NOTE: The overall heat transfer coefficient between the oil and the water is 284 W/m2.K. The surface area is 4.2 m2.)arrow_forward19 mm diameter steel balls are quenched by heating to 989 K followed by slow cooling to 400 K in an environment with air at T∞ = 325 K and h = 39 W/m2.K. Assuming that the steel properties are k = 40 W/m.K, ρ = 7800 kg/m3 and C = 600 J/kg.K, estimate the time (in "minutes") required for the cooling process. Bolas de aço com 19 mm de diâmetro são temperadas pelo aquecimento a 989 K seguido pelo resfriamento lento até 400 K em um ambiente com ar a T∞ = 325 K e h = 39 W/m2.K. Admitindo que as propriedades do aço sejam k = 40 W/m.K, ρ = 7800 kg/m3 e C = 600 J/kg.K, estime o tempo (em "minutos") necessário para o processo de resfriamento.arrow_forward
- The temperature of a gas stream is to be measured by a thermocouple whose junction can be approximated as a 1.2 mm diameter sphere. The properties of the junction are k = 35 W/mo C, r = 8500 kg/m3 and Cp = 320 J/kgo C, and the heat transfer coefficient between the junction and the gas is h = 65 W/m2oC. Determine how long it will take for the thermocouple to read 99% of the initial temperature differencearrow_forwardQ9: A 2-kW resistance heater wire with thermal conductivity of k = 20 W/m - °C, a diameter of D = 5 mm, and a length of L = 0.7 m is used to boil water. If the outer surface temperature of the resistance wire is Ts = 110°C, determine the temperature at the center of the wire.arrow_forwardSteam at 350 °C flows through the stainless steel pipe with k=26 W/m.°C. The inner and outer diameters of the stainless steel pipe are 6.0 cm and 7.0 cm, respectively. The pipe is insulated from the outside with a 4.0 cm thick glass wool (k= 0.038 W/m.°C) and then a 3.0 cm thick k=0.25 W/m.K material. The insulated pipe is in the environment at 20 °C. The heat loss from the pipe occurs only by [natural convection+radiation]. Film heat transfer coefficient including the effects of [natural convection+radiation] in the insulated pipe is 30 W/m². is C. Calculate the heat transferred per unit pipe length since the film heat transfer coefficient defined according to the inner area of the pipe is 110 W/m².°C.arrow_forward
- Mechanical servicesarrow_forwardQ1: Consider a wall heated by convection on one side and cooled by convection on the other side. Show that the heat-transfer rate through the wall is T1-T2 1/h A+A/kA+ 1/h2A Where T; and T; are the fluid temperatures on each side of the wall and h, and h; are the corresponding heat-transfer coefficients.arrow_forwardi need the answer quicklyarrow_forward
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