Chapter 5, Problem 5.97AQAP

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The common in terms of the electronic configuration of elements Ca, Sr and Ba should be identified. The location of these elements in the periodic table should be determined.

Concept introduction:

The rules for the allowed quantum numbers combinations are as follows:

1. All the three quantum numbers ( n, l and m ) describes the orbital of an atom and they are integers.
2. The principal quantum number, n value cannot be zero. Thus, the values allowed for the principal quantum number are 1, 2, 3, 4, and so on.
3. The value of angular quantum number, l can be between 0 to n-1. Thus, if value of n is equal to 3 the value of l can be 0, 1 or 2.
4. The value of magnetic quantum number, m can be between − l to +l . Thus, if value of l is equal to 2, m can be wither -2, -1, 0, +1, or +2

For same number of principal quantum number, an orbital form a shell. The first character denotes the shell and the second identifies the sub-shell.

Here, for s orbital value of $l=0$ , for p orbital it is $l=1$ , for d orbital it is $l=2$ and for f it is 3.

The relative energy of orbitals is represented as follows:

A s orbital can have maximum of 2 electrons, p orbital can have maximum of 6 electrons. Similarly, maximum electrons that a d and f orbital can have are 10 and 14 respectively.