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MindTap Engineering for Askeland/Wright's The Science and Engineering of Materials, 7th Edition, [Instant Access], 2 terms (12 months)
7th Edition
ISBN: 9781305111219
Author: Donald R. Askeland; Wendelin J. Wright
Publisher: Cengage Learning US
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Chapter 5, Problem 5.37P
To determine
Number of grams of nitrogen that are lost from the containers per hour .
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You want to carburize a steel drill bit in the presence of methane. The drill bit initially has a uniform carbon concentration of 0.25 wt% and is to be treated at 950 oC (1750 oF). If the concentration of carbon at the surface is suddenly brought to and maintained at 1.20 wt%, how long will it take to achieve a carbon content of 0.80 wt% at a position 0.5mm below the surface? (The diffusion coefficient for carbon in iron at this temperature is 1.6 x 10-11 m2/s.)
A mechanism for hardening steel is called carburization. To achieve this process, the piece of steel is exposed to an atmosphere rich in hydrocarbon such as methane (CH4). Consider a steel with a carbide concentration of 0.25wt%, which must be treated at 950˚C. If the carbon concentration at the surface is suddenly increased to 1.20wt%, how long does it take for a penetration of 0.5mm from the surface to reach a concentration of 0.80wt%? . The diffusion coefficient for carbon in iron at this temperature is 1.6 x 10-11 m2s-1. Assume that the piece of steel is semi-finite. Use the table below.
A plate of iron is exposed to a carburizing atmosphere on one side and a decarburizing atmosphere on the other side at 850 oC. If a condition of steady state is achieved, calculate the diffusion flux of carbon through the plate if the concentrations of carbon at positions of 5 and 10 mm beneath the carburizing surface are 1.4 and 0.8 kg/m3, respectively. Assume a diffusion coefficient of 3 x 10 -11 m2/s at this temperature.
Chapter 5 Solutions
MindTap Engineering for Askeland/Wright's The Science and Engineering of Materials, 7th Edition, [Instant Access], 2 terms (12 months)
Ch. 5 - What is the driving force for diffusion?Ch. 5 - Give three examples of materials processes that...Ch. 5 - In the carburization treatment of steels, what are...Ch. 5 - Prob. 5.4PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.5PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.6PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.7PCh. 5 - A certain mechanical component is heat treated...Ch. 5 - Prob. 5.9PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.10P
Ch. 5 - Prob. 5.11PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.12PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.13PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.14PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.15PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.16PCh. 5 - Compare the diffusion coefficients of carb on in...Ch. 5 - Prob. 5.18PCh. 5 - Activation energy is sometimes expressed as...Ch. 5 - Prob. 5.20PCh. 5 - The activation energy for the diffusion of copper...Ch. 5 - Prob. 5.22PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.23PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.24PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.25PCh. 5 - Write down Fick’s first law of diffusion. Clearly...Ch. 5 - Prob. 5.27PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.28PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.29PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.30PCh. 5 - A 1-mm-thick BCC iron foil is used to separate a...Ch. 5 - Prob. 5.32PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.33PCh. 5 - A 0.001 in. BCC iron foil is used to separate a...Ch. 5 - Prob. 5.35PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.36PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.37PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.38PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.39PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.40PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.41PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.42PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.43PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.44PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.45PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.46PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.47PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.48PCh. 5 - Pure zinc is to be diffused into copper by dipping...Ch. 5 - Nitriding is a process in which nitrogen is...Ch. 5 - Determine the carburizing time necessary to...Ch. 5 - Prob. 5.52PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.53PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.54PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.55PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.56PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.57PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.58PCh. 5 - Compare the rate at which oxygen ions diffuse in...Ch. 5 - Prob. 5.60PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.61PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.62PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.63PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.64PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.65PCh. 5 - A 0.80% C steel must operate at 950°C in an...Ch. 5 - Prob. 5.67PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.68PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.69PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.70PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.71PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.72PCh. 5 - Most metals and alloys can be processed using the...Ch. 5 - Prob. 5.74PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.75PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.76PCh. 5 - A ceramic part made from MgO is sintered...Ch. 5 - Prob. 5.78PCh. 5 - What are the advantages of using hot pressing and...Ch. 5 - Prob. 5.80PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.81DPCh. 5 - Design a spherical tank, with a will thickness of...Ch. 5 - Prob. 5.83DPCh. 5 - Prob. 5.84DPCh. 5 - Prob. 5.85DPCh. 5 - Prob. 5.86CPCh. 5 - Prob. 5.87CPCh. 5 - Prob. 5.88CPCh. 5 - Prob. 5.1KP
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- A plate of iron is exposed to a carburizing atmosphere on one side and a decarburizing atmosphere on the other side. If a condition of steady state is achieved, calculate the diffusion flux of carbon through the plate if the concentrations of carbon at positions of 5 and 10 mm beneath the carburizing surface are 1.2 and 0.6 kg/m3, respectively. Assume a diffusion coefficient of 2.4 x 10-12 m2/s at this temperature.arrow_forwardThe diffusion coefficient of Ni in Cu at 1025 C is 10-9 cm2 s-1. How long does it take for the mean square root of the distance to be 1 cm?arrow_forwardDiffusion of carbon into BCC iron for 12 hours at a temperature of 500 °C results in a carbon concentration of 0.2 wt% at a depth 2 mm from the surface. How long would it take to get a concentration of 0.2 wt% at a depth 3 mm from the surface at 500 °C?arrow_forward
- Consider a sheet of Iron which is maintained in an atmosphere filled with nitrogen and is permitted to achieve and steady state diffuseion. The thickness of the sheet is 6.5mm. The diffusion coefficient of nitrogen in iron is 1.9 × 10-11 m2/s at 6750C. If the concentration on the high-pressure side of the plate is 3kg/m3 and the diffusion flux is 1.7 × 10-8 kg/m2 s . Determine the concentration on the low-pressure side of the plate if the depth of concentration of low-pressure side is 0.001 m. A) 3.2 kg/m3 B) -3 kg/m3 C) 2.1 kg/m3 D) 0.001 kg/m3arrow_forwardFind the diffusitivity of air in methane and the molecular diffusion of methane, if the tank filled with a mixture of methane and air at 102 kPa and 25 ⁰C is connected to another large tank filled with a different composition of methane and air also at 102 kPa and 25 ⁰C. The connection between the tanks is a tube with an inner diameter of 50 mm and length of 150 mm. The concentration of methane in one tank is 90% by mole and in the other, 5% by mole.arrow_forwardWhat temperature is required to obtain 0.4%C at a distance of 0.3 mm beneath the surface of a 0.22% C steel in 2h, when 1.1% C is present at the surface? Assume that the iron is FCC. (Please see figure 5.12 below for diffusion coefficient data. Please use your notes for a table of erf() function values Diffusion coefficient D (cm²/s) ܐ ܐ ܐ ܐ 10- 10-5 10- 10-10 10-11 10-12 10-13 10-14 10-15 Temperature (°C) 2000 1500 1200 1000 900 800 700 600 Cin graphite Mg in MgO Ca in Cao Hin FCC iron C in FCC iron Fe in FCC iron Fe in BCC iron H in BCC iron C in BCC iron Fe in FeO 500 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 104 T(K) Figure 5-12 The diffusion coefficient D as a function of reciprocal temperature for some metals and ceramics. In this Arrhenius plot, D represents the rate of the diffusion process. A steep slope denotes a high activation energy.arrow_forward
- 6. A sheet of steel 1.5 mm thick has nitrogen atmospheres on both sides at 1200C and is permitted to achieve a steady-state diffusion condition. The diffusion coefficient for nitrogen in steel at this temperature is 6 10-11 m2/s, and the diffusion flux is found to be 1.2 10-7 kg/m2-s. Also, it is known that the concentration of nitrogen in the steel at the high-pressure surface is 4 kg/m3. How far into the sheet from this high-pressure side will the concentration be 2.0 kg/m3? Assume a linear concentration profile.arrow_forwardNitrogen from a gaseous phase is to be diffused into pure iron at 700°C. If the surface concentration is maintained at 0.14 wt% N, what will be the concentration (in weight percent) 2.3 mm from the surface after 6.5 h? The diffusion coefficient for nitrogen in iron at 700°C is 1.4 x 10-10 m²/s. Z 0.00 0.025 0.0282 0.60 0.05 0.0564 0.30 erf(z) 0.0000 0.55 0.35 Z erf(z) 0.40 0.45 0.50 0.65 0.10 0.1125 0.70 0.6778 1.6 0.5633 1.3 0.6039 0.4755 1.1 Z 0.15 0.1680 0.75 0.7112 0.20 0.2227 0.80 0.7421 1.8 0.25 0.2763 0.85 0.7707 1.9 0.9928 0.3286 0.90 0.7970 0.5205 1.2 0.6420 1.5 1.4 0.3794 0.95 0.8209 2.2 0.4284 1.0 1.7 0.9103 2.0 erf(z) 0.9340 0.9523 0.9661 2.8 0.9763 0.9838 0.9891 0.9953 0.8427 2.4 0.9993 0.9981 0.8802 2.6 0.9998 0.9999arrow_forwardDiffusion of carbon into the surface of BCC steel at 600oC for 10 hours results in a carbon concentration of 0.2wt% at a depth of 1.5 mm below the surface. At what depth will the same concentration be obtained if the diffusion time is increased to 20 hours, leaving the temperature at 600oarrow_forward
- What temperature is required to obtain 0.4%C at a distance of 0.3 mm beneath the surface of a 0.22% C steel in 2h, when 1.1% C is present at the surface? Assume that the iron is FCC. (Please see figure 5.12 below for diffusion coefficient data. Please use your notes for a table of erf() function values table of erf() fun Diffusion coefficient D (cm²/s) 10-3 !! ! ! ! ! 10- 10-5 10-9 10-10 10-11 10-12 10-13 10-14 Temperature (°C) 2000 1500 1200 1000 900 800 700 600 wwwwwwwwwwwwwww in graphite Mg in MgO Ca in CaO H in FCC iron Cin FCC iron Fe in FCC iron Fe in BCC iron H in BCC iron 104 T(K) C in BCC iron Fe in FeO 500 10-15 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 Figure 5-12 The diffusion coefficient D as a function of reciprocal temperature for some metals and ceramics. In this Arrhenius plot, D represents the rate of the diffusion process. A steep slope denotes a high activation energy.arrow_forwardA 0.001 in. BCC iron foil is used to separate a high hydrogen gas from a low hydrogen gas at 650 °C. 5 ×108 H atoms/cm3 are in equilibrium on one side of the foil, and 2 × 103 H atoms/cm3 are in equilibrium on the other side. Determine (a) the concentration gradient of hydrogen; and (b) the flux of hydrogen through the foil.arrow_forwardAt 127oC, HgI2 undergoes a polymorphic change from the red to the yellow form. The enthalpy of transition is 1250 J mol-1 , and the change in molar volume on transition is 5.4 cm3 mol-1 , the red form being the less dense. Calculate the rate of change of transition temperature with pressure at 127oC. Answer: [1.73 x 10-6 K Pa-1 ]arrow_forward
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Introduction to Diffusion in Solids; Author: Engineering and Design Solutions;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=K_1QmKJvNjc;License: Standard youtube license