Connect 2-Year Access Card for Chemistry: The Molecular Nature of Matter and Change
Connect 2-Year Access Card for Chemistry: The Molecular Nature of Matter and Change
7th Edition
ISBN: 9780078129865
Author: Martin Silberberg Dr., Patricia Amateis Professor
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Chapter 5, Problem 5.147P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

At STP condition the exposure to Br2 gas at a partial pressure of 0.2torr for 8 h is safe or unsafe is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

The expression to calculate the partial pressure of the gas is as follows:

  Pgas=XgasPtotal

Here, Pgas is the partial pressure of the gas, Xgas mole fraction of the gas and Ptotal is the total pressure.

The expression to calculate the mole fraction of the gas is as follows,

  Xgas=Moles of gasTotal moles

Here, Xgas is the mole fraction of the gas.

The ideal gas equation can be expressed as follows,

  PV=nRT

Here, P is the pressure, V is the volume, T is the temperature, n is the mole of the gas and R is the gas constant.

(a)

Expert Solution
Check Mark

Answer to Problem 5.147P

The exposure to Br2 at partial pressure of 0.2torr for 8 h would be unsafe.

Explanation of Solution

The expression to calculate the mole fraction of Br2 is as follows:

  XBr2=PBr2Ptotal        (1)

Here, XBr2 is the mole fraction of Br2, PBr2 is the partial pressure of Br2 and Ptotal is the total pressure.

Substitute 0.2 torr for PBr2 and 760 torr for Ptotal in the equation (1).

  XBr2=(0.2 torr760 torr)=(2.63×104)(106)=2.63×102ppmv.

According to the government standard, the threshold limit for Br2 is 0.1 ppmv for eight hours. If the ppmv is greater than the threshold limit for eight hours then the exposure of the gas is unsafe. The ppmv value of Br2 is more than the threshold limit value. Thus, the exposure of Br2 would be unsafe.

Conclusion

The exposure of Br2 would be unsafe because ppmv is greater than the threshold limit for eight hours.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The exposure of CO2 gas at a partial pressure of 0.2torr is safe or unsafe is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

The ideal gas equation can be expressed as follows:

  PV=nRT

Here, P is the pressure, V is the volume, T is the temperature, n is the mole of the gas and R is the gas constant.

The expression to calculate the partial pressure of the gas is as follows:

  Pgas=XgasPtotal

Here, Pgas is the partial pressure of the gas, Xgas mole fraction of the gas and Ptotal is the total pressure.

The expression to calculate the mole fraction of the gas is as follows:

  Xgas=Moles of gasTotal moles

Here, Xgas is the mole fraction of the gas.

(b)

Expert Solution
Check Mark

Answer to Problem 5.147P

The exposure to CO2 at partial pressure of 0.2torr for 8 hours would be safe.

Explanation of Solution

The expression to calculate the mole fraction of CO2 is as follows:

  XCO2=PCO2Ptotal        (2)

Here, XCO2 is the mole fraction of CO2, PCO2 is the partial pressure of CO2 and Ptotal is the total pressure.

Substitute 0.2 torr for PCO2 and 760 torr for Ptotal in the equation (2).

  XCO2=(0.2 torr760 torr)=(2.63×104)(106)=2.63×102ppmv.

According to the government standard, the threshold limit for CO2 is 5000 ppmv for eight hours. If the ppmv is greater than the threshold limit for eight hours then the exposure of the gas is unsafe. The ppmv value of CO2 is less than the threshold limit value. Thus, the exposure of CO2 would be safe.

Conclusion

The exposure of CO2 would be safe because ppmv is less than the threshold limit for eight hours.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The exposure to 1000 L of air that contains 0.0004 g of Br2 gas is safe or unsafe is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

The expression to calculate the moles of solute is as follows:

  Moles of solute=Given mass of soluteMolar mass of solute

The ideal gas equation can be expressed as follows,

  PV=nRT

Here, P is the pressure, V is the volume, T is the temperature, n is the mole of the gas and R is the gas constant.

(c)

Expert Solution
Check Mark

Answer to Problem 5.147P

The exposure to 1000 L of air that contains 0.0004 g of Br2 would be safe.

Explanation of Solution

The expression to calculate the moles of Br2 is as follows:

  Moles of Br2=Given mass of Br2Molar mass of Br2        (3)

Substitute the value 0.004 g for the given mass of Br2 and 159.80 g/mol for molar mass of Br2 in the equation (3).

  Moles of Br2=0.0004 g159.44 g/mol=2.50×106 mol

The formula to convert °C to Kelvin is:

  T(K)=T(°C)+273.15        (4)

Substitute 0 °C for °C in equation (4).

  T(K)=0 °C+273.15=273.15 K

The expression to calculate the moles of Br2 is as follows:

  PV=nRT        (5)

Rearrange equation (5) for n as follows:

  n=PVRT        (6)

Substitute 1 atm for P, 273 K for T, 1000 L for V and 0.0821 LatmmolK for R in the equation (6).

  n=(1 atm)(32.4 L)(0.0821 LatmmolK)(273 K)=1.44557 mol

The expression to calculate the concentration of Br2 as follows:

  Concentration of Br2=(Mole of Br2Mole of air)(106 )        (7)

Substitute 2.503×106 mol for moles of Br2 and 44.616 mol for moles of air in the equation (7).

  Concentration of Br2=(2.503×106 mol44.616 mol)(106 )=0.056103 ppmv=0.06 ppmv.

According to the government standard, the threshold limit for Br2 is 0.1 ppmv for eight hours. If the ppmv is greater than the threshold limit for eight hours then the exposure of the gas is unsafe. The ppmv value of Br2 is less than the threshold limit value. Thus, the exposure of Br2 would be safe.

Conclusion

The exposure of Br2 would be safe because ppmv is less than the threshold limit for eight hours.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The exposure to 1000 L to of air that contains 2.8×1022 molecule of CO2 gas is safe or unsafe is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

The expression to calculate the moles of solute is as follows:

  Moles of solute=Given mass of soluteMolar mass of solute

The ideal gas equation can be expressed as follows,

  PV=nRT

Here, P is the pressure, V is the volume, T is the temperature, n is the mole of the gas and R is the gas constant

(d)

Expert Solution
Check Mark

Answer to Problem 5.147P

The exposure to 1000 L to of air that contains 2.8×1022 molecule of CO2 gas is safe

Explanation of Solution

The expression to calculate the moles of CO2 is as follows:

  Moles of CO2=Molecule of CO2Avogadro's number        (8)

Substitute 2.8×1022 molecules for moles of CO2 and 6.022×1023 molecules for Avogadro’s number in the equation (8).

  Moles of CO2=2.8×1022 molecules6.022×1023 molecules=0.04696 mol

The expression to calculate the concentration of CO2 as follows:

  Concentration of CO2=(Mole of CO2Mole of air)(106 )        (9)

Substitute 0.046496 mol for moles of CO2 and 44.616 mol for moles of air in the equation (9).

  Concentration of Br2=(0.046496 mol44.616 mol)(106 )=1042.1 ppmv=1.0×103 ppmv.

According to the government standard, the threshold limit for CO2 is 5000 ppmv for eight hours. If the ppmv is greater than the threshold limit for eight hours then the exposure of the gas is unsafe. The ppmv value of CO2 is less than the threshold limit value. Thus, the exposure of CO2 would be safe.

Conclusion

The exposure of CO2 would be safe because ppmv is less than the threshold limit for eight hours.

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Chapter 5 Solutions

Connect 2-Year Access Card for Chemistry: The Molecular Nature of Matter and Change

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