Macroeconomics: Principles, Problems, & Policies
20th Edition
ISBN: 9780077660772
Author: Campbell R. McConnell, Stanley L. Brue, Sean Masaki Flynn Dr.
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Chapter 5, Problem 4RQ
To determine
To determine: Relevance of sugar tax.
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Before Cyprus joined the EU there was an import tariff on imported fresh meat from the EU of €1.00 per Kg at a selling price of €6.00 per kg. The total annual Demand was 20m kgs (20,000tons) per year while when the tariff was lifted (after the accession to the EU) the annual demand increased to 260m kgs (260,000tons). At the €6.00 per kg price, domestic supply has been half of the total annual supply while when the tariff was lifted this was reduced by 20%.
Calculate:
The total increase in consumer surplus due to the abolition of the tariff.
The total amount of the tariff revenue that had been lost.
The change in the domestic and foreign producer surplus.
Country C imports 80,000 metric tons of steel from Country U and produces domestically 80,000 metric tons per year. The world price of steel is $500 per metric ton. Assuming linear schedules, research analysts estimated the price elasticity of domestic supply to be 0.50 and theprice elasticity of domestic demand to be -0.25 in the current market equilibrium. Country C imposes an import duty of $150 per metric ton that caused the world price to fall by 10%.
Summarise and analyse the quantity of steel produced, consumed and imported in Country C. Analyse and discuss the welfare gain from trade in Country C. Show your answers of the steel market with a proper diagram.
Country C imports 80,000 metric tons of steel from Country U and produces domestically80,000 metric tons per year. The world price of steel is $500 per metric ton. Assuming linearschedules, research analysts estimated the price elasticity of domestic supply to be 0.50 and theprice elasticity of domestic demand to be -0.25 in the current market equilibrium. Country Cimposes an import duty of $150 per metric ton that caused the world price to fall by 10%.
What are the terms of trade of the Country C steel market after the tariff was imposed? Explain the welfare effects of both countries
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Macroeconomics: Principles, Problems, & Policies
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- In recent years, the government of Pakistan has established a support price for wheat of about $0.20 per kilogram of wheat. At this price, consumers are willing to purchase 10 billion kilograms of wheat per year, while Pakistani farmers are willing to grow and harvest 18 billion kilograms of wheat per year. The government purchases and stores all surplus wheat. Suppose that the market-clearing price of Pakistani wheat in the absence of price supports is equal to $0.10 per kilogram. At this price, the quantity of wheat demanded is 12 billion kilograms. Under the government wheat price-support program, how much more is spent each year on wheat harvested in Pakistan than otherwise would have been spent in an unregulated market for Pakistani wheat?arrow_forwardSuppose that the world price of oil is roughly $50.00 per barrel and that the world demand and total world supply of oil equal 34 billion barrels per year (bb/yr), with a competitive supply of 20 bb/yr and 14 bb/yr from OPEC. Statistical studies have shown that the long-run price elasticity f demand for oil is -0.40, and the long-run competitive price elasticity of supply is 0.40. Using this information, derive linear demand and competitive supply curves for oil. Let the demand curve be of the general form Q = a - bP and the competitive supply curve be of the general form Q = c+dP, where a, b, c, and d are constants. The equation for the long-run demand curve is O A. Q=47.50 -0.27P. O B. Q=13.50 -0.27P. OC. Q=47.50-P O D. Q=47.50+ 0.27P. O E. Q=13.50-47.50P. The equation for the long-run competitive supply curve is O A. Q=12.00 + 47.50P. OB. Q=12.00 -0.16P. OC. Q 8.00+ 0.16P. O D. Q=8.00+ 0.27P. O E. Q=12.00 +0.16P.arrow_forwardSuppose that the world price of oil is $70 per barrel and that the United States can buy all the oil it wants at this price. Suppose also that the demand and supply schedules for oil in the United States are as follows: Price ($ per Barrel) 55 60 65 70 75 U.S. Quantity Demanded 26 24 22 20 18 U.S. Quantity Supplied 14 16 18 20 22 Now suppose that the United States allows no oil imports. The equilibrium price in the United states is $ 70 per barrel and the equilibrium quantity is 20 million barrels. If the United States imposed a price ceiling of $70 per barrel on the oil market and prohibited imports, there would be a of million barrels of oil.arrow_forward
- Suppose the world price of oil is $15 per barrel. At that price, the United States imports 400 million barrels daily and consumes 600 million barrels daily. The government then imposes a $5 per barrel tax on oil imports. For every dollar increase in oil prices, domestic consumption decreases by 20 million barrels per day, while domestic production increases by 40 million barrels per day. 1. What will be the new oil price (assuming world supply is perfectly elastic at $15)?arrow_forwardDuring the 1980s, most of the world’s supply of lysine was produced by a Japanese company named Ajinomoto. Lysine is an essential amino acid that is an important livestock feed component. At this time, the United States imported most of the world’s supply of lysine—more than 30,000 tons—to use in livestock feed at a price of $1.65 per pound. The worldwide market for lysine, however, fundamentally changed in 1991 when U.S.-based Archer Daniels Midland (ADM) began producing lysine—a move that doubled worldwide production capacity. Experts conjectured that Ajinomoto and ADM had similar cost structures and that the marginal cost of producing and distributing lysine was approximately $0.70 per pound. Despite ADM’s entry into the lysine market, suppose demand remained constant at Q = 208 − 80P (in millions of pounds). Shortly after ADM began producing lysine, the worldwide price dropped to $0.70. By 1993, however, the price of lysine shot back up to $1.65. Use the theories discussed in this…arrow_forwardQuestion-05: A vegetable fiber is traded in a competitive world market, and the world price is $9 per pound. Unlimited quantities are available for import into the United States at this price. The U.S. domestic supply and demand for various price levels are shown as follows: U.S. Supply (Million LBS) U.S. Demand Price (Million LBS) 3 34 6 4 28 9. 22 12 8 16 15 10 10 18 12 4 What is the equation for demand? What is the equation for supply? а. b. At a price of $9, what is the price elasticity of demand? What is it at a price of $12? What is the price elasticity of supply at $9? At $12? c. In a free market, what will be the U.S. price and level of fiber imports? d.arrow_forward
- Suppose that the world price of oil is $70 per barrel and that the United States can buy all the oil it wants at this price. Suppose also that the demand and supply schedules for oil in the United States are as follows: U.S. Quantity Demanded U.S. Quantity Supplied 26 14 24 16 22 18 20 20 18 22 Price ($ per Barrel) 55 60 65 70 75 Now suppose that the United States allows no oil imports. The equilibrium price in the United states is $ per barrel and the equilibrium quantity is million barrels. If the United States imposed a price ceiling of $55 per barrel on the oil market and prohibited imports, there would be an If the price ceiling is below $70, quantity supplied and quantity demanded differ. will determine how much oil is purchased. of million barrels of oil.arrow_forwardGiven the supply - demand function of printers in Vietnam as follows:Sx = -20000 + 250PDx = 160000-350PKnowing that Vietnam is considered a small country, the price of a printer on the world market is $120/piece.a. If the Government of Vietnam levies an import tax of 25% on this item, calculate the loss to domestic consumers. How much is the import tax revenue from the Vietnamese government's printer products in this case?b. Due to the commitment to integration, the Government of Vietnam applies an import tax rate of 12.5% for printers, calculate the change in the import tax revenue of the Government of Vietnam.c. To ensure that there are no more imports, what is the minimum tax rate that the Vietnamese government should set?arrow_forwardSuppose that the world demand and supply elasticities of crude oil are -0.906 and 0.515, respectively. The current equilibrium price is $30 per barrel and the equilibrium quantity is 16.88 billion barrels per year. Derive the linear demand and supply equations. Now suppose the world supply curve you derived above consists of competitive supply and OPEC supply. If the competitive supply equation is: SC = 7.78 + 0.29P, what must be OPEC's level of production in this equilibrium? Now suppose social and political unrest in some non-OPEC producing countries reduced the competitive supply by 30 percent, what happens to the world price of crude oil?arrow_forward
- Assume that the domestic supply curve for crude oil is S(P) = 5P and the domestic demand curve for crude oil is D(P)=500-20P. Further assume that domestic oil refiners face a perfectly elastic supply of oil imports at P = 16. a. Derive the domestic price, the quantity processed by domestic oil refiners, and the amount of imports at the competitive equilibrium. Show the results on a well-labeled graph. Now suppose that the domestic crude oil suppliers face a price ceiling of 8. Further suppose that for each two units of crude oil purchased, a domestic oil refiner gets one entitlement to domestic crude oil. Derive the marginal price of crude oil faced by domestic oil refiners. Add this to the graph in part (a). Derive the effect of regulation on the amount of crude oil processed by domestic oil refiners and the amount of imports. Show this on the graph from part (a). Derive the welfare effect of regulation on U.S. Shade in the welfare losses in the graph for part (a).arrow_forwardIn an economy, a manufacturing company produces 1,000 units of a product at a total cost of $10,000. If the government imposes a tariff of $2 per unit on imported raw materials used in production, and the company is also subject to a corporate tax rate of 15%, calculate the new total cost of production after considering the cost of tariff and taxation. Assume no other costs are affected.arrow_forwardAssume the US market of sunflower oil was described by the following domestic supply and demand equations: QDUS = 8000 - 4 P and QSUS = -2000 + 6 P where QDUS and QSUS represent the quantities demanded and supplied (in billions of metric tons) and P is the price per metric ton of sunflower oil (in $). Now add this information: In 2008, China entered into the World Trade Organization and became the largest importer of US sunflower oil. Assume the Chinese import demand for sunflower oil from the US in 2008 was QDCHINA = 20000 - 10 P Given this information, what was the new equilibrium price of sunflower oil in 2008? (Hint: what is the total demand for US sunflower oil?) $1600 $1400 $1000 $1500arrow_forward
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