EBK GOULD'S PATHOPHYSIOLOGY FOR THE HEA
EBK GOULD'S PATHOPHYSIOLOGY FOR THE HEA
5th Edition
ISBN: 9780100026964
Author: HUBERT
Publisher: YUZU
bartleby

Concept explainers

bartleby

Videos

Question
100%
Book Icon
Chapter 5, Problem 1LO
Summary Introduction

To explain: The role of normal defenses in preventing disease.

Concept introduction: Organisms use defense mechanisms to protect from any injurious agent. This can be specific or non-specific.

Expert Solution & Answer
Check Mark

Explanation of Solution

The defense mechanisms are generally classified into three lines of defense as follows:

  • First line of defense
  • Second line of defense
  • Third line of defense

First line of defense: It is the general, non-specific defense mechanism that includes the mechanical barrier such as skin or mucous membrane. This prevents the entry of bacteria or other harmful particles inside the tissues. Certain body secretions such as saliva or tears act as mechanical barriers. It contains enzymes or chemical substances that inactivate the potential invading particles.

Second line of defense: It is the non-specific defense mechanism that includes the process of phagocytosis and inflammation. Phagocytosis is the process in which macrophages and neutrophils engulf the invading foreign particles, cell debris, or bacteria and destroy them. Inflammation is the sequence of events that limit the effects of injury or any agent in the body. For example, interferons, which protect the healthy tissues from viruses.

Third line of defense: It is the specific defense mechanism that protects the body by stimulating the specific antibodies or lymphocytes against the invading organisms. It creates an immune response against the harmful substances to protect the body.

Pictorial representation:

Fig.1 represents the defense mechanisms of the body.

EBK GOULD'S PATHOPHYSIOLOGY FOR THE HEA, Chapter 5, Problem 1LO

Fig. 1: Three lines of defense mechanisms in the body.

Want to see more full solutions like this?

Subscribe now to access step-by-step solutions to millions of textbook problems written by subject matter experts!
Knowledge Booster
Background pattern image
Health & Nutrition
Learn more about
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, health-nutrition and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.
Recommended textbooks for you
Text book image
The Language of Medicine, 11e
Health & Nutrition
ISBN:9780323370813
Author:Davi-Ellen Chabner BA MAT
Publisher:Saunders
Text book image
Gordis Epidemiology
Health & Nutrition
ISBN:9780323552295
Author:David D. Celentano, Moyses Szklo
Publisher:ELSEVIER
Text book image
Nutrition Through The Life Cycle
Health & Nutrition
ISBN:9781337919333
Author:Brown, Judith E.
Publisher:Cengage Learning,
Text book image
Health: The Basics (13th Edition)
Health & Nutrition
ISBN:9780134709680
Author:Rebecca J. Donatelle
Publisher:PEARSON
Text book image
Understanding Nutrition (MindTap Course List)
Health & Nutrition
ISBN:9781337392693
Author:Eleanor Noss Whitney, Sharon Rady Rolfes
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Text book image
Introduction To Health Physics
Health & Nutrition
ISBN:9780071835275
Author:Johnson, Thomas E. (thomas Edward), Cember, Herman.
Publisher:Mcgraw-hill Education,
How stress affects your body - Sharon Horesh Bergquist; Author: TED-Ed;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v-t1Z5-oPtU;License: Standard Youtube License