Evolutionary Analysis (5th Edition)
5th Edition
ISBN: 9780321616678
Author: Jon C. Herron, Scott Freeman
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 5, Problem 13Q
Which kind of mutation is most common: lethal, nonlethal but deleterious, neutral, or beneficial? Draw a graph to illustrate your answer. According to the graph, do most mutations have large or small effects on fitness?
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For a mutation that does not have a fitness cost to the individuals who carry it, we call the mutation a
-synonymous mutation
-beneficial mutation
-dominant mutation
-homologous mutation
-neutral mutation
Discuss the role of mutation in the origin of genetic polymorphisms. Suppose that a genetic polymorphism involves two alleles at frequencies of 0.45 and 0.55. Describe three different scenarios to explain these observed allele frequencies. You can propose that the mutations that produced the polymorphism are neutral, beneficial, or deleterious.
As discussed, the overall rate of mutations in humans is estimated to be about 1 × 10−8 mutations per base pair per generation. How many new mutations would you expect each person to carry, on average, based on this mutation rate? Other studies have estimated that each person carries about 100 new loss-of-function mutations. How does this number compare with your estimate of the number of mutations based on the mutation rate? What might account for any differences?
Chapter 5 Solutions
Evolutionary Analysis (5th Edition)
Ch. 5 - What is the difference between genetic variation,...Ch. 5 - We noted on the first page of the chapter that...Ch. 5 - Because you are studying different subjects, the...Ch. 5 - What are reaction norms, and why do they matter?...Ch. 5 - Consider the nucleotide sequence TGACTAACGGCT....Ch. 5 - Consider a population containing the following...Ch. 5 - How many redheads live in a village of 250 people,...Ch. 5 - Diagram two processes through which genes can be...Ch. 5 - If a gene gets retroduplicated, how can you...Ch. 5 - How do chromosome inversions happen? What...
Ch. 5 - Diagram the sequence of events that leads to the...Ch. 5 - Discuss factors that might cause mutation rates to...Ch. 5 - Which kind of mutation is most common: lethal,...Ch. 5 - Compare and contrast the evolutionary roles of...Ch. 5 - Suppose a silent mutation occurs in an exon that...Ch. 5 - The amino acid sequences encoded by the red and...Ch. 5 - Chromosome number can evolve by smaller-scale...
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Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- Consider a recessive condition where 40% of the affected individuals pass away by the age of 10 but those that survive to adulthood are just as likely to have children as the general population. What must the new mutation rate be if the incidence of the disorder is 1/10,000 to maintain a consistent incidence across generations? Answer format: Fraction - #/#arrow_forwardGenerally speaking, there are four types of mutations. Which of two of these four have the main effects on fitness? O beneficial O deleterious O lethal O neutralarrow_forward1. What is an allele? 2. What is a point mutation? 3. How are point mutations related to alleles? Use these sites to find the answer please: https://www.britannica.com/story/whats-the-difference-between-a-gene-and-an-allele http://rosalind.info/glossary/point-mutation/arrow_forward
- What is meant by Gene pool?arrow_forwardThe agouti gene determines coat colour in mice. Heterozygous mice have yellow coats, while homozygous dominant mice have black coats. However, having two copies of the recessive alleles is lethal. In a population of 2 000 mice, 1 082 mice have black coats. a) Calculate the frequency of each allele. Show all your work and express your answer as a value between 0 and 1 rounded to two decimal places. b) What percentage of the mouse population is expected to be carriers of the lethal allele? Show all your work and express your answer rounded to one decimal place. c) How many mice will die during fetal development? Show all your work and round your answer to the closest whole number.arrow_forwardSickle cell anemia is a disease caused by a mutation at the genotypic level. A person with two copies of the gene has the disease, but a person with one copy of the gene does not have the disease. The diagram shows how this mutation affects an organism. Use the image to answer the question. The mutation causes the deformity of the red blood cell, the component of blood that carries oxygen throughout the body. The deformed cells can clump together and can clog blood vessels. The parasites responsible for the sickle cell condition are killed in the deformed red blood cells. In which type of environment would carriers of the disease be naturally selected for? A. low altitude B. high altitude C. low population of parasites D. high population of parasitesarrow_forward
- Are mutations good or bad? Explain your answerarrow_forwardAsthma is a common medical condition that is influenced by genetics and environment. In the US, appraximately 9% of adults have asthma. A recent genome wide association study (GWAS) identifieda genetic variation that increases asthma risk by S0% when a single copy of the risk variant is present in a genome. Which value below would represent the approximate asthma risk of an individual with this genetic variation in their genome? Select an answer and submit. For keyboard navigation, use the up/down arrow keys to select an answer. a 59% b 50% 14.5% 9.5% e 9%arrow_forwardMany aspects of gene function can be nicely explained with the one-gene-one-enzyme hypothesis, which states that a gene controls the production of an enzyme. Which of the following findings about gene expression, though, requires an expansion of this simple concept? Choose an answer below: Non-enzyme proteins are made from genes too. Some genes code for RNA molecules only. Enzymes composed of different polypeptides are coded for by more than one gene. a and c, but not b a, b, and carrow_forward
- What does it mean for a gene to be polymorphism and what is a polymorphism in DNA?arrow_forwardGive your response to the following statement: “Eventually, all species become extinct. So, it does not really matter that the world’s remaining tiger species or a tropical forest plant are endangered mostly because of human activities.” Do you agree in genetic therapy? Why or why not?arrow_forwardHow can you use this piece of information to help you explain to your friends what is the significance of mutations in the emergence of new genetic properties (alleles) that may result (or not) in new phenotypic characteristics? (Recall that not all SNPs affect phenotype.)arrow_forward
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