Campbell Biology (11th Edition)
11th Edition
ISBN: 9780134093413
Author: Lisa A. Urry, Michael L. Cain, Steven A. Wasserman, Peter V. Minorsky, Jane B. Reece
Publisher: PEARSON
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Textbook Question
Chapter 48, Problem 4TYU
Why are action potentials usually conducted in one direction?
(A) Ions can flow along the axon in only one direction.
(B) The brief refractory period prevents reopening of voltage-gated Na+ channels.
(C) The axon hillock has a higher membrane potential than the terminals of the axon.
(D) Voltage-gated channels for both Na- and K+ open in only one direction.
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Why are action potentials usually conducted in one direction?(A) Ions can flow along the axon in only one direction.(B) The brief refractory period prevents reopening of voltagegated Na+channels.(C) The axon hillock has a higher membrane potential thanthe terminals of the axon.(D) Voltage-gated channels for both Na+and K+open in onlyone direction.
A common feature of action potentials is that they(A) cause the membrane to hyperpolarize and then depolarize.(B) can undergo temporal and spatial summation.(C) are triggered by a depolarization that reaches threshold.(D) move at the same speed along all axons.
(b)
Use Figure Q1(b) of an action potential to answer questions (i) until (iv) below.
Choose the correct letter to represent each condition.
(i)
The neuron cannot fire an action potential because it is in a refractory period.
(ii)
The membrane potential is about -70 mV.
(iii)
The voltage-gated Na+ channels activation gates are closed, but the
inactivation gates are open.
(iv)
Both gates of the voltage-gated Na+ channels are open.
C
Threshold
B
A
E
Figure Q1 (b)
Chapter 48 Solutions
Campbell Biology (11th Edition)
Ch. 48.1 - Prob. 1CCCh. 48.1 - Describe the basic pathway of information flow...Ch. 48.1 - WHAT IF? How might increased branching of an axon...Ch. 48.2 - Under what circumstances could ions flow through...Ch. 48.2 - WHAT IF? Suppose a cell's membrane potential...Ch. 48.2 - MAKE CONNECTiONS Review Figure 7.10, which...Ch. 48.3 - How do action potentials and graded potentials...Ch. 48.3 - In multiple sclerosis (from the Greek skleros,...Ch. 48.3 - How do both negative and positive feedback...Ch. 48.3 - WHAT IF? Suppose a mutation caused gated sodium...
Ch. 48.4 - Prob. 1CCCh. 48.4 - Some pesticides inhibit acetylcholinesterase, the...Ch. 48.4 - Prob. 3CCCh. 48 - How would severing an axon affect the flow of...Ch. 48 - Suppose you placed an isolated neuron in a...Ch. 48 - Prob. 48.3CRCh. 48 - Prob. 48.4CRCh. 48 - Level 1: Knowledge/Comprehension 1. What happens...Ch. 48 - Level 1: Knowledge/Comprehension 1. What happens...Ch. 48 - Where are neurotransmitter receptors located? (A)...Ch. 48 - Why are action potentials usually conducted in one...Ch. 48 - Which of the following is the most direct result...Ch. 48 - Suppose a particular neurotransmitter causes an...Ch. 48 - WHAT IF? Ouabain, a plant substance used in some...Ch. 48 - Prob. 8TYUCh. 48 - DRAW IT Suppose a researcher inserts a pair of...Ch. 48 - EVOLUTION CONNECTION An action potential is an...Ch. 48 - Prob. 11TYUCh. 48 - WRITE ABOUT A THEME: ORGANIZATION In a short essay...Ch. 48 - Prob. 13TYU
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- What happens when a resting neuron’s membranedepolarizes?(A) There is a net diffusion of Na+out of the cell.(B) The equilibrium potential for K+(EK) becomesmore positive.(C) The neuron’s membrane voltage becomesmore positive.(D) The cell’s inside is more negative than the outsidearrow_forwardDepolarization of a neuron plasma membrane will shift the membrane potential toward (a) 0 mV. (b) -70 mV. (c) -90 mV. (d) a, b, and c are correct.arrow_forwardAction potential conduction velocity is higher in a myelinated axon compared to an unmyelinated axon because … Question 1 options: a) the diameter of a myelinated axon is greater than the diameter of an unmyelinated axon. b) a myelinated axon has more voltage-gated sodium channels than an unmyelinated axon. c) less axonal membrane is exposed to the ECF in a myelinated axon compared to an unmyelinated axon. d) answers (a) and (b) are both correct; answer (c) is incorrect e) answers (a), (b) and (c) are all correctarrow_forward
- Which of the following factors are important in the establishment of the membrane potential at -70 mV? (i) Coulomb force; (ii) Ion concentration; (iii) Length of the axon; (iv) Number of dendrites; (v) Permeability of the cell membrane. Select one: a. (i), (iv), (v). b. (ii), (iii). c. (i), (ii), (v). d. (iii), (iv).arrow_forwardWhich of the following occurs first when voltage reaches the threshold level in a neuron plasma membrane? (a) voltageactivated Na1 channels open (b) K1 channels open (c) the membrane hyperpolarizes (d) neurotransmitter is released (e) K1 channels closearrow_forwardNerve membrane hyperpolarization after an action potential a)Is the movement of membrane potential voltage below normal resting potential voltage. b) This Is mostly due to the slow-closing of K+ channels. c)Makes it more difficult to evoke another action potential. d) This Is mostly due to the slow-closing of Na+ channels.arrow_forward
- Which of the following is the most direct result of depolarizingthe presynaptic membrane of an axon terminal?(A) Voltage-gated calcium channels in the membrane open.(B) Synaptic vesicles fuse with the membrane.(C) Ligand-gated channels open, allowing neurotransmittersto enter the synaptic cleft.(D) An EPSP or IPSP is generated in the postsynaptic cell.arrow_forwardD Threshold B A . Earrow_forwarda) In the absence of K+ leak channels, what would happen to the resting membrane potential of a neuron? Why is this the case? b) Depolarization of the axon membrane opens voltage-gated Na+ channels. By what mechanism does opening of these Na+ channels open other voltage-gated Na+ channels downstream of the action potential? c) Following an action potential, how does the neuron return to its resting membrane potential?arrow_forward
- In SA nodal cells the upstroke of the action potential:A)is characterized by a substantial overshoot component.B)results from rapid inward movement of Na+.C)results from inward movement of Ca2+D)results from inward movement of K+.arrow_forwardFollowing a current injection in a neuron, the membrane potential changes were recorded. a) Is the produced voltage change a hyperpolarization or a depolarization, and why? b) Is the produced voltage change excitatory or inhibitory, and why? c) What is the reason the voltage change switches from passive to active?arrow_forwardMatch each type of membrane potential (resting, threshold, graded, or action) to its definition: a) The membrane potential at which voltage gated sodium channels open. b) The membrane potential that triggers the action potential. c) Change in membrane potential that may or may not reach threshold and that may be depolarizing or hyperpolarizing. d) Rapid, strong depolarization followed by immediate repolarization. This potential is self-renewing if the right ion channels are nearby.arrow_forward
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