Biology
5th Edition
ISBN: 9781260487947
Author: BROOKER
Publisher: MCG
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Chapter 47, Problem 5TY
Insulin primarily regulates the blood glucose concentration by
- a. stimulating the recruitment of GLUTs from the cytosol to the plasma membrane for transport of glucose from extracellular to intracellular fluid.
- b. stimulating gluconeogenesis.
- c. suppressing glucose uptake by muscle tissue.
- d. stimulating the release of glucose from glycogen reserves in the liver.
- e. inhibiting the synthesis of new GLUTs
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Based on your understanding of the binding of insulin, select all of the following events that you would expect to occur in muscle cells due to insulin binding to receptors.Group of answer choices
a. Glycogen synthesis is activated
b. PFK is stabilized in the R-state and glycolysis is activated
c. GLUT4 (transporters) are increased in concentration at the plasma membrane
d. Fructose 2,6-bisphosphate increased levels aid in stabilization of the T-state fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase
e. Gluconeogenesis is activated in response to elevated fructose 2,6-bisphosphate levels
f. Phosphorylation cascades allow for covalent modifications that would aid in the breakdown of glycogen to allow for increased levels of glucose 6-phosphate in the cell
g. Hexokinase is inhibited so glucose will not be brought into the cell in high amounts
h. Glycogen breakdown pathway is inactivated
Which of the following statements about insulin istrue?a. Insulin acts as a transport protein, carryingglucose across the cell membrane.b. Insulin facilitates the movement of intracellularglucose transporters to the cell membrane.c. Insulin stimulates the breakdown of storedglycogen into glucose.d. Insulin stimulates the kidneys to reabsorbglucose into the bloodstream
Define the following terms: a. hyperosmolar hyperglycemic nonketosis b. insulin resistance c. JNK d. PKCθ e. PKCε
Chapter 47 Solutions
Biology
Ch. 47.2 - Prob. 1CSCh. 47.2 - Prob. 2CSCh. 47.3 - Can the relationship between body size and...Ch. 47.3 - What observation led to the experiments conducted...Ch. 47.3 - CoreSKILL How did the experimental linking of the...Ch. 47.3 - Prob. 3EQCh. 47.4 - Prob. 1CCCh. 47 - Prob. 1TYCh. 47 - Gluconeogenesis a. occurs when the liver...Ch. 47 - Prob. 3TY
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- Which of the following statements about the integration of fat and carbohydrate metabolism control is correct? a. High insulin/glucagon ratio activates lipolysis in muscle b. High insulin/glucagon ratio inhibits lipogenesis in liver. c. Low insulin/glucagon ratio activates lipolysis in adipocytes. d. Insulin-dependent glucose transporters are recruited to their functional membrane site when insulin levels are lowarrow_forwardGlucagon: a. Increases glucose transport to skeletal muscle cells b. Increases glycogen synthesis in liver cells c. Inhibits gluconeogenesis in liver d. Increases cellular cAMP level e. Inhibits glucose synthesis in hypoglycemiaarrow_forwardChronic stress or GC exposure can cause insulin resistance. The influence of GC on insulin is complex, but leads to hyperinsulinemia (high circulating insulin levels) and insulin resistance. Insulin resistance is typically caused by a decreased number of insulin receptors on the cell surface. Speculate on a mechanism resulting in a decreased number of insulin receptors.arrow_forward
- Glycogenesis occurs in both muscle and liver. Select one: O True O False Glycogen is released from the muscle due to increased CAMP due to: Select one: O a. Growth hormone O b. Epinephrine O c. Thyroxine O d. Glucagon UDP-Glucose is converted to UDP-glucoronic acid by: Select one: O a. NADP O b. ATP O c. GTP O d. FAD O e. NAD In the fasted state gluconeogenesis is promote by which enzyme Select one: O a. Fructose 2,6 bisphosphate induced stimulation of phosphofructokinase-1 O b. Acteyl CoA induced stimulation of pyruvate carboxylase O c. Citrate induced stimulation of Acetyl CoA decarboxylase Glyconeogenesis prevents hypoglycemia during prolonged fasting. Select one: O True O Falsearrow_forwardAs you know, the enzymes regulating glycogen metabolism are under strict control. Which compound(s) below is/are likely to serve as a major (direct or indirect) regulator of enzymes involved in glycogen metabolism (pick the BEST answer)? A. AMP B. Glucose 6-phosphate C. Insulin D. Glucagon E. all of the choices presented in this question are correctarrow_forwardWhich of the following classes of compounds stimulates the release of insulin from pancreatic β-cells? a. Thiourylenes b. Biguanides c. Progestins d. Sulfonylureas e. α-Glucosides inhibitorsarrow_forward
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