Mindtap Biology, 1 Term (6 Months) Printed Access Card For Solomon/martin/martin/berg's Biology, 11th
Mindtap Biology, 1 Term (6 Months) Printed Access Card For Solomon/martin/martin/berg's Biology, 11th
11th Edition
ISBN: 9781337393096
Author: Eldra Solomon, Charles Martin, Diana W. Martin, Linda R. Berg
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 45, Problem 1TYU

Innate immune responses include all but (a) inflammation (b) antigen-antibody complexes (c) binding of PAMPs with pattern recognition receptors (d) complement (e) phagocytosis

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Summary Introduction

Introduction: A complex network of cells, tissues, and organs that work collectively for the protection of the body and fight against the pathogens or foreign substances is known as the immune system. The immune system is made up of several components such as immune cells, tissues, organs, and chemical mediators that destroy and eliminate foreign substances from the body.

Answer to Problem 1TYU

Correct answer: Innate immune responses do not include antigen-antibody complexes.

Hence, the correct answer is option (b).

Explanation of Solution

Reason for the correct answer:

The antigen-antibody complex is formed when antibodies (Y-shaped structure) combine with two molecules of antigens on its surface. These complexes directly promote or destroy the pathogens. The process of formation of the antigen-antibody complex is a part of adaptive immunity, not innate immunity (inborn). Adaptive immunity or acquired immunity is the type of immunity that is gained by the body over the lifetime by encountering and learning how to target and destroy specific pathogens that invade the body.

Option (b) is given as “antigen-antibody complexes”.

The process of formation of the antigen-antibody complex is a part of adaptive immunity, not innate immunity.

Hence, the correct answer is option (b).

Reasons for the incorrect answers:

Option (a) is given as “inflammation”.

Inflammation is an early defense process by which the body responds to an injury or infection. The innate immune response includes inflammation.

Hence, option (a) is incorrect.

Option (c) is given as “binding of PAMPs with pattern recognition receptors”.

The antigens, such as pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMP) trigger the innate immunity.

Hence, option (c) is incorrect.

Option (d) is given as “complement”.

Complements are the cluster of inactivated signaling proteins that stimulate (when get activated) the release of other chemical mediators to promote inflammation, chemotaxis, and phagocytosis. The innate immune response includes complement proteins.

 Hence, option (d) is incorrect.

Option (e) is given as “phagocytosis”.

Phagocytosis is a process in which phagocytes are involved in engulfing, destroying, and removing pathogenic microorganisms and foreign debris from the body. The innate immune response includes phagocytosis.

Hence, option (e) is incorrect.

Hence, the options (a), (c), (d), and (e) are incorrect.

Conclusion

Innate immune responses do not include antigen-antibody complexes. Antigen-antibody complexes belong to acquired immunity. Acquired immunity is acquired over a lifetime. It is antigen-dependent and antigen-specific.

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Students have asked these similar questions
Which of the following immune cells/molecules are most ef-fective at destroying intracellular pathogens?(a) TH cells (d) B cells(b) Antibodies (e) Complement(c) TC cells
Immune system of humans     a) Secreted B cell receptors can function as opsonins.   b) MHC class II molecules can be found on the surface of nearly every cell of the body.   c) The membrane attack complex (MAC) is used by natural killer cells to eliminate virus infected host cells.   d) Both (a) and (b) are correct and (c) is incorrect   e) Statements (a), (b) and (c) are all correct
The major histocompatibility complex (MHC) (a) consists of Y-shaped molecules (b) encodes certain antibodies (c) encodes Toll-like receptors (d) inhibits complement release from macrophages (e) encodes a group ofcell-surface proteins.

Chapter 45 Solutions

Mindtap Biology, 1 Term (6 Months) Printed Access Card For Solomon/martin/martin/berg's Biology, 11th

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Immune System and Immune Response Animation; Author: Medical Sciences Animations;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JDdbUBXPKc4;License: Standard YouTube License, CC-BY
Immune response: summary; Author: Dr Bhavsar Biology;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ADANgHkX4OY;License: Standard Youtube License