The mechanism of antibodies that attack the glycoproteins in the lamina Lucida and their attachment to the hemi desmosomes that can cause blisters. Introduction: An infectious disease is the one that is caused by pathogenic microbes. These microbes can be bacteria, parasites , viruses or fungi . They are usually harmless but in some conditions that can be lethal. Infectious diseases can be transmitted from one person (infected) to another person (non-infected).

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Answer 1

Question

Definition Definition Organism that lives in the body of another organism and obtains food at the expense of the host. A parasite can directly or indirect harm the host. There are two kinds of parasites: internal and external. An internal parasite lives inside another organism and is known as an endoparasite. An external parasite lives on the body surface of the host and is known as an ectoparasite. Protozoa and helminths are examples of major human parasites.

Chapter 45, Problem 1RE

Summary Introduction

To determine: The mechanism of antibodies that attack the glycoproteins in the lamina Lucida and their attachment to the hemi desmosomes that can cause blisters.

Introduction: An infectious disease is the one that is caused by pathogenic microbes. These microbes can be bacteria, parasites, viruses or fungi. They are usually harmless but in some conditions that can be lethal. Infectious diseases can be transmitted from one person (infected) to another person (non-infected).

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

Bullous pemphigoid is the most common form of the autoimmune disease that causes the formation of blisters which is induced by the autoantibodies that form against the type XVII collagen. It is an autoimmune subepithelial blistering disease that occurs most frequently in older adults and is characterized by presence of cutaneous bullae and erosive mucosal lesions.

The autoantibodies against the hemidesmosome antigen of type XVII collagen is supposed to induce the inflammatory processes that result in dermal-epidermal separation (BP180). The COL17 is a type II transmembrane protein that spans the lamina Lucida. Most patients have autoantibodies binding to an immunodominant region of BP180, which is located extracellularly close to transmembrane domain of the protein.

Patients’ autoantibodies to BP180 induce dermal-epidermal separation in cryosections of human skin when co-incubated with leukocytes. The loss of cell-matrix adhesion is mediated by proteinases released by granulocytes.

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Answer 2

Question

Definition Definition Organism that lives in the body of another organism and obtains food at the expense of the host. A parasite can directly or indirect harm the host. There are two kinds of parasites: internal and external. An internal parasite lives inside another organism and is known as an endoparasite. An external parasite lives on the body surface of the host and is known as an ectoparasite. Protozoa and helminths are examples of major human parasites.

Chapter 45, Problem 1RE

Summary Introduction

To determine: The mechanism of antibodies that attack the glycoproteins in the lamina Lucida and their attachment to the hemi desmosomes that can cause blisters.

Introduction: An infectious disease is the one that is caused by pathogenic microbes. These microbes can be bacteria, parasites, viruses or fungi. They are usually harmless but in some conditions that can be lethal. Infectious diseases can be transmitted from one person (infected) to another person (non-infected).

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

Bullous pemphigoid is the most common form of the autoimmune disease that causes the formation of blisters which is induced by the autoantibodies that form against the type XVII collagen. It is an autoimmune subepithelial blistering disease that occurs most frequently in older adults and is characterized by presence of cutaneous bullae and erosive mucosal lesions.

The autoantibodies against the hemidesmosome antigen of type XVII collagen is supposed to induce the inflammatory processes that result in dermal-epidermal separation (BP180). The COL17 is a type II transmembrane protein that spans the lamina Lucida. Most patients have autoantibodies binding to an immunodominant region of BP180, which is located extracellularly close to transmembrane domain of the protein.

Patients’ autoantibodies to BP180 induce dermal-epidermal separation in cryosections of human skin when co-incubated with leukocytes. The loss of cell-matrix adhesion is mediated by proteinases released by granulocytes.

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Answer 3

Question

Definition Definition Organism that lives in the body of another organism and obtains food at the expense of the host. A parasite can directly or indirect harm the host. There are two kinds of parasites: internal and external. An internal parasite lives inside another organism and is known as an endoparasite. An external parasite lives on the body surface of the host and is known as an ectoparasite. Protozoa and helminths are examples of major human parasites.

Chapter 45, Problem 1RE

Summary Introduction

To determine: The mechanism of antibodies that attack the glycoproteins in the lamina Lucida and their attachment to the hemi desmosomes that can cause blisters.

Introduction: An infectious disease is the one that is caused by pathogenic microbes. These microbes can be bacteria, parasites, viruses or fungi. They are usually harmless but in some conditions that can be lethal. Infectious diseases can be transmitted from one person (infected) to another person (non-infected).

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

Bullous pemphigoid is the most common form of the autoimmune disease that causes the formation of blisters which is induced by the autoantibodies that form against the type XVII collagen. It is an autoimmune subepithelial blistering disease that occurs most frequently in older adults and is characterized by presence of cutaneous bullae and erosive mucosal lesions.

The autoantibodies against the hemidesmosome antigen of type XVII collagen is supposed to induce the inflammatory processes that result in dermal-epidermal separation (BP180). The COL17 is a type II transmembrane protein that spans the lamina Lucida. Most patients have autoantibodies binding to an immunodominant region of BP180, which is located extracellularly close to transmembrane domain of the protein.

Patients’ autoantibodies to BP180 induce dermal-epidermal separation in cryosections of human skin when co-incubated with leukocytes. The loss of cell-matrix adhesion is mediated by proteinases released by granulocytes.

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Answer 4

Question

Definition Definition Organism that lives in the body of another organism and obtains food at the expense of the host. A parasite can directly or indirect harm the host. There are two kinds of parasites: internal and external. An internal parasite lives inside another organism and is known as an endoparasite. An external parasite lives on the body surface of the host and is known as an ectoparasite. Protozoa and helminths are examples of major human parasites.

Chapter 45, Problem 1RE

Summary Introduction

To determine: The mechanism of antibodies that attack the glycoproteins in the lamina Lucida and their attachment to the hemi desmosomes that can cause blisters.

Introduction: An infectious disease is the one that is caused by pathogenic microbes. These microbes can be bacteria, parasites, viruses or fungi. They are usually harmless but in some conditions that can be lethal. Infectious diseases can be transmitted from one person (infected) to another person (non-infected).

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

Bullous pemphigoid is the most common form of the autoimmune disease that causes the formation of blisters which is induced by the autoantibodies that form against the type XVII collagen. It is an autoimmune subepithelial blistering disease that occurs most frequently in older adults and is characterized by presence of cutaneous bullae and erosive mucosal lesions.

The autoantibodies against the hemidesmosome antigen of type XVII collagen is supposed to induce the inflammatory processes that result in dermal-epidermal separation (BP180). The COL17 is a type II transmembrane protein that spans the lamina Lucida. Most patients have autoantibodies binding to an immunodominant region of BP180, which is located extracellularly close to transmembrane domain of the protein.

Patients’ autoantibodies to BP180 induce dermal-epidermal separation in cryosections of human skin when co-incubated with leukocytes. The loss of cell-matrix adhesion is mediated by proteinases released by granulocytes.

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Answer 5

Chapter 45, Problem 1RE

Summary Introduction

To determine: The mechanism of antibodies that attack the glycoproteins in the lamina Lucida and their attachment to the hemi desmosomes that can cause blisters.

Introduction: An infectious disease is the one that is caused by pathogenic microbes. These microbes can be bacteria, parasites, viruses or fungi. They are usually harmless but in some conditions that can be lethal. Infectious diseases can be transmitted from one person (infected) to another person (non-infected).

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

Bullous pemphigoid is the most common form of the autoimmune disease that causes the formation of blisters which is induced by the autoantibodies that form against the type XVII collagen. It is an autoimmune subepithelial blistering disease that occurs most frequently in older adults and is characterized by presence of cutaneous bullae and erosive mucosal lesions.

The autoantibodies against the hemidesmosome antigen of type XVII collagen is supposed to induce the inflammatory processes that result in dermal-epidermal separation (BP180). The COL17 is a type II transmembrane protein that spans the lamina Lucida. Most patients have autoantibodies binding to an immunodominant region of BP180, which is located extracellularly close to transmembrane domain of the protein.

Patients’ autoantibodies to BP180 induce dermal-epidermal separation in cryosections of human skin when co-incubated with leukocytes. The loss of cell-matrix adhesion is mediated by proteinases released by granulocytes.

Answer 6

Chapter 45, Problem 1RE

Summary Introduction

To determine: The mechanism of antibodies that attack the glycoproteins in the lamina Lucida and their attachment to the hemi desmosomes that can cause blisters.

Introduction: An infectious disease is the one that is caused by pathogenic microbes. These microbes can be bacteria, parasites, viruses or fungi. They are usually harmless but in some conditions that can be lethal. Infectious diseases can be transmitted from one person (infected) to another person (non-infected).

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

Bullous pemphigoid is the most common form of the autoimmune disease that causes the formation of blisters which is induced by the autoantibodies that form against the type XVII collagen. It is an autoimmune subepithelial blistering disease that occurs most frequently in older adults and is characterized by presence of cutaneous bullae and erosive mucosal lesions.

The autoantibodies against the hemidesmosome antigen of type XVII collagen is supposed to induce the inflammatory processes that result in dermal-epidermal separation (BP180). The COL17 is a type II transmembrane protein that spans the lamina Lucida. Most patients have autoantibodies binding to an immunodominant region of BP180, which is located extracellularly close to transmembrane domain of the protein.

Patients’ autoantibodies to BP180 induce dermal-epidermal separation in cryosections of human skin when co-incubated with leukocytes. The loss of cell-matrix adhesion is mediated by proteinases released by granulocytes.

Answer 7

Chapter 45, Problem 1RE

Summary Introduction

To determine: The mechanism of antibodies that attack the glycoproteins in the lamina Lucida and their attachment to the hemi desmosomes that can cause blisters.

Introduction: An infectious disease is the one that is caused by pathogenic microbes. These microbes can be bacteria, parasites, viruses or fungi. They are usually harmless but in some conditions that can be lethal. Infectious diseases can be transmitted from one person (infected) to another person (non-infected).

Answer 8

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

Bullous pemphigoid is the most common form of the autoimmune disease that causes the formation of blisters which is induced by the autoantibodies that form against the type XVII collagen. It is an autoimmune subepithelial blistering disease that occurs most frequently in older adults and is characterized by presence of cutaneous bullae and erosive mucosal lesions.

The autoantibodies against the hemidesmosome antigen of type XVII collagen is supposed to induce the inflammatory processes that result in dermal-epidermal separation (BP180). The COL17 is a type II transmembrane protein that spans the lamina Lucida. Most patients have autoantibodies binding to an immunodominant region of BP180, which is located extracellularly close to transmembrane domain of the protein.

Patients’ autoantibodies to BP180 induce dermal-epidermal separation in cryosections of human skin when co-incubated with leukocytes. The loss of cell-matrix adhesion is mediated by proteinases released by granulocytes.

Answer 9

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer 10

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer 11

Ch. 45 - Prob. 1RE Ch. 45 - Prob. 2RE

Explanation of Solution

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Chapter 45 Solutions