To identify: The initial composition of the solute in the hemodialysis dialysate that would be suitable in replacement of the reabsorption and the secretion of the solutes in a functional kidney.
Concept introduction: The composition of the filtrate in the kidney includes glucose, urea, vitamins, salt ions, amino acids and the drugs. The absorption the glucose takes place in the proximal tubules. The reabsorption of salts takes place in the distal tubules. The process of the countercurrent ion transport takes place inside the nephrons of the kidney.
The two processes are the active transport and the passive transport inside the kidney cells. The aquaporin channels are present in the collecting duct, which transport the water and the ions in the body. The substances in the replaced fluid should contain glucose, salt ions like sodium and potassium. The concentration of the urea should be less in the dialysate fluid.
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CAMPBELL BIOLOGY-MASTERING BIO.ACCESS
- Which of the following is an example of autoregulation of kidney function? a. The RAAS regulates Na1 by secreting renin when blood pressure or blood volume decreases. b. The ADH system regulates water balance by decreasing water reabsorption and increasing excretion of salt. c. Receptors in the juxtaglomerular apparatus detect a higher salt concentration in the distal convoluted tubule and trigger constriction of the afferent arteriole to reduce glomerular filtration rate. d. ANF is released by the kidney to increase renin release. e. Angiotensin II lowers blood pressure by constricting arterioles.arrow_forward45, The thick ascending limb of nephron loop: Multiple Choice has many aquaporins that allow the osmosis of water into the salty medullary fluid maintains an osmotic gradient by pumping Na+ and Cl- from the interstitial fluid into the epithelial cell uses a cotransporter to bring Na+, K+ and Cl- from the tubular fluid into the epithelial cell uses a Na/K/Cl exchanger to move Na+ and Cl- from the epithelial cell into the interstitial fluidarrow_forward. If a person takes a loop diuretic, for example furosemide, for a prolonged period of time, what effectwill it have on the osmotic gradient in the renal medulla? Will this effect tend to increase or decreaseurine output?arrow_forward
- 4, H+ secretion in the renal tubule happens by Multiple Choice It follows a negative ion like Cl- or PO43- H+/HCO3- exchanger in the basolateral membrane Na+/H+ exchanger in the apical membrane It first combines with HCO3- and is then regenerated in the tubular fluidarrow_forwardSodium ion reabsorption from the filtrate into peritubular blood across the cells of this component of the nephron (marked by the black asterisk) Choose from the following: (A) is regulated by the binding of the hormone aldosterone (B) is not regulated by any hormone, but is determined by sodium ion concentration and filtrate flowarrow_forwardQ5: Approximately 50% of the furosemide given is eliminated by secretion in the kidney. Which transporters below are most likely facilitators of the renal elimination of furosemide? HN- NH2 HQarrow_forward
- Reabsorption involves what two methods of transport? Describe each. What determines which route a solute will take?arrow_forwarda. A person ingests an ion-channel inhibitor, such that the ion channels present in the Loop of Henle are only able to pump at half their normal rate? b. What would this person notice about changes to their physiological filtration? (Answer a and b)arrow_forwardWHAT IF? If blood pressure in the afferent arterioleleading to a glomerulus decreased, how would the rateof blood filtration within Bowman’s capsule be affected?Explain.arrow_forward
- How does adh regulate kidney function? Please include blood osmolarity, the hypothalamus, adh, permeability of kidney, homeostasis and h20 reabsorption increasing in the explanationarrow_forward30, With respect to renal autoregulation, myogenic mechanism refers to Multiple Choice both glomerulus increase of blood flow and macula densa secreting renin are correct ability of macula densa to sense a increase in Na+ content in tubular fluid and secrete renin in response ability of a muscle to contract reflexively without nervous stimulation to adjust blood vessel diameter ability of glomerulus to increase blood flow and increase filtration ratearrow_forward24. Measurements are made of the renal tubular fluid concentration of various substances along the length of the proximal tubule and plotted as the tubular fluid to plasma concentration ratio (TF/P). As these substances are reabsorbed along with water, the following profiles are obtained. (All substances are freely filtered at the glomerulus, the TF/P = 1 at the glomerulus.) Glucose is represented by which of the following curves? OA) [Tubular fluid] [Plasma] OB) 3.0- 2.0- 1.0- 0 B O C) E 25 50 75 Proximal tubule length (%) OD) 100 OE)arrow_forward
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