Biological Science (6th Edition)
6th Edition
ISBN: 9780321976499
Author: Scott Freeman, Kim Quillin, Lizabeth Allison, Michael Black, Emily Taylor, Greg Podgorski, Jeff Carmichael
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 44, Problem 2TYK
Summary Introduction
Introduction:
The two different types of photoreceptor cells that can be found in the human retina are cones and rods. The rod cells facilitate the scotopic vision, while the cone cells facilitate the photopic vision. Furthermore, nocturnal animals are those animals that are active during the nighttime, whereas diurnal animals are active during the daytime.
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Input to the human visual cortex comes from cones and rods (by way of ganglion cells) in what proportion? a. About 95 percent of input to the cortex comes from rods. b. About 50 percent comes from rods and 50 percent from cones. c. About 90 percent of input to the cortex comes from cones.
Which of the following statements explains why vision is less sharp in dim light than in bright light?a. Cones are more responsive in dim light.b. There are more rods than cones in the eye.c. Many rods converge on a single ganglion.d. The dilated pupil lets in more light than the lens can focus.
When you exit a dark room into a brightly lit environment, within seconds, you to see a crisp view of your surroundings. However, when you enter a dark room from a brightly lit environment, your eyes might take more than 10 minutes to become used to the new surroundings. Your eyes are waiting for:
a. the rods to begin to function
b. the cones to begin to function
c. the pupils to get smaller
Chapter 44 Solutions
Biological Science (6th Edition)
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- Which of the following descriptions of photoreceptors in the eye is NOT correct? a. Cones are concentrated in the fovea of the retina and function to detect colours. b. Rods are concentrated at the periphery and function well in dim light. c. Rods are concentrated in the fovea of the retina and function well in dim light. d. Rods are sensitive to light and register black and white. Cones detect colours.arrow_forwardWhat is meant by blindsight? a. Some people with damage to the primary visual cortex accurately guess the location or other properties of objects they say they don’t see. b. Blind people learn to find their way around by making sounds and listening for echoes. c. Blind people on average develop enhancements of hearing, touch, and other senses. d. After damage to the eyes, other body parts become sensitive to light. e. Incorrect hindsight.arrow_forwardWhich one of the following statements about photoreception is true? a. Light detection is initiated by the absorbance of light (a photon) by a photopigment molecule. b. Light detection is synonomous with vision. c. Light detection is always initiated in a rod photoreceptor located in the retina. d. Only light in the visible range (between 400 and 700 nm wavelength) can be detected by animals. e. None of the above answer choices (neither A, nor B, nor C, nor D) is true.arrow_forward
- Colour blindness can result from the loss of specific types of cones, or it can occur in individuals having fewer cones of a given type. An individual has 50% less than the normal number of green cone photoreceptors in his or her retina. How would this affect his or her vision? a. This person has night blindness. He or she should start to eat more carrots to replenish the stock of retinal molecules in the retina. b. This person will have difficulty adapting to varying light levels. His or her cone receptors take much longer to adapt in a brightly lit area. c. This person does not have a colour blindness because no green cone photoreceptors are in the retina; only red, yellow, and blue photoreceptors exist. d. This person has a mild green colour blindness. He or she cannot see green colours very clearly and has difficulty distinguishing colours involving green hues.arrow_forwardRegarding the sensation of various species, which of the following statements is false? A. The eyes of honeybees transduce parts of the electromagnetic spectrum that are invisible to humans B. Bats ears transduce sound waves that humans cannot hear C. Research has shown that the human eye transducers all of the electromagnetic spectrum to the brain, but the brain is unable to perceive it. D. Sharks have special organs that can sense the bioelectric fields of other living thingsarrow_forwardWhy is it easier to see images at night using peripheral, rather than the central, vision? a. Cones are denser in the periphery of the retina. b. Bipolar cells are denser in the periphery of the retina. c. Rods are denser in the periphery of the retina. d. The optic nerve exits at the periphery of the retina.arrow_forward
- Which statement regarding rods and cones is most accurate? a.) Rods and cones carry signals to the brain so an image can be formed. b.) Rods and cones refract light to focus it on the retina. c.) Rods and cones are photoreceptors, which detect light. d.) Rods and cones monitor the amount of light entering the eye and adjust the size of the pupil.arrow_forwardVision is a complex process. The human eye has many structures that contribute to vision. Which of the following statements describing the structures involved in the process of vision is NOT correct? a. Ciliary muscles change the shape of the lens to focus both near and distant objects. b. The cornea and lens bend light to focus the image on the retina. c. The iris relaxes and contracts to protect the retina from excess light. d. Lenses move forward or backward to control the amount of light striking the retina.arrow_forwardWhich of the following best describes hearing receptor “hair cells”? a. They are neurons. b. They lack ion channels. c. They are epithelial, but function like neurons. d. They are built of the protein keratin.arrow_forward
- What is unusual about the olfactory receptors? a. Olfactory neurons have more than one axon. b. Humans do not begin forming olfactory neurons until nearly 2 years old. c. We continue forming new olfactory neurons throughout life. d. An unusually strong blood–brain barrier protects olfactory neurons from damage.arrow_forwardSelect the statement that best describes how the nervous system encodes sensory input. a. Neural coding permits precise assessments of the absolute intensity of a stimulus. b. Neural circuits in sensory systems are always convergent. c. The neural representation of sensory input is an exact replica of the physical world. d. The neural representation of sensory input emphasizes some sensory qualities over others. e. Each neuron must be optimized to code both resolution and sensitivityarrow_forwardBefore we conclude that mirror neurons help people imitate, which of the following should research demonstrate?A. Mirror neurons respond to both seeing and hearing someone else’s movement.B. Mirror neurons occur in the same brain areas of humans as in monkeys.C. Mirror neurons have different properties for people from different cultures.D. Mirror neurons develop their properties before children start to imitate.arrow_forward
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