Biology: The Unity and Diversity of Life (MindTap Course List)
15th Edition
ISBN: 9781337408332
Author: Cecie Starr, Ralph Taggart, Christine Evers, Lisa Starr
Publisher: Cengage Learning
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Concept explainers
Videos
Textbook Question
Chapter 44, Problem 2CT
Mountain gorillas are a highly endangered primate species, with 800 or so individuals surviving in the two remaining populations. A recent sampling of mountain gorilla genomes revealed a very low level of genetic diversity. Explain why a decline in genetic diversity often accompanies a decline in
Expert Solution & Answer
Trending nowThis is a popular solution!
Students have asked these similar questions
As we saw last week, population size is important. Ideally, this means you started with a lot of genetically diverse founders, but of course that isn’t always the case. In the case of the Española Galapagos tortoises it was 12 females and 2 males. So, often you have to grow your population to stabilize it and ensure there isn’t an unacceptable loss of genetic diversity over time, even if that genetic diversity is low. If you think back to the math from last week and do a little not so fancy algebra, you can see that genetic deterioration occurs at a rate that is the inverse of genetic retention, which you probably remember is
1- (1/2Ne)
Assume that the Española Galapagos tortoise captive population started with an Ne/N ratio of 0.7. Calculate their rate of loss of genetic diversity given their original population size of 14 tortoises (N=14). You will first need to solve for Ne, then plug Ne into the rate of loss of genetic diversity formula.
Now let’s work on growing the population.…
The current wild population is estimated to be about 50 individuals. However, a new threat to red wolves has arisen: hybridization with coyotes (Canis latrans), which have become more numerous in the areas inhabited by red wolves. Although red wolves and coyotes differ in morphology and DNA, they are capable of interbreeding and producing fertile offspring. Social behavior is the main reproductive barrier between the species and is more easily overcome when same-species mates are rare. For this reason, some people think that the endangered status of the red wolf should be withdrawn and resources should not be spent to protect what is not a “pure” species.
A large conservation agency in Austria is interested in the status of the endangered newt species, Triturus austriacus, and wants you to estimate population sizes. Describe at least two methods based on genetic markers such as microsatellites which could be used to estimate effective population size (NE). Compare their relative advantages and disadvantages.
Chapter 44 Solutions
Biology: The Unity and Diversity of Life (MindTap Course List)
Ch. 44 - Iguana Decline In 1987, Martin Wikelski began a...Ch. 44 - Iguana Decline In 1987, Martin Wikelski began a...Ch. 44 - Iguana Decline In 1987, Martin Wikelski began a...Ch. 44 - Most commonly, individuals of a population show a...Ch. 44 - The rate at which population size grows or...Ch. 44 - Suppose 200 fish are marked and released in a...Ch. 44 - Prob. 4SQCh. 44 - For a given species, the maximum rate of increase...Ch. 44 - ______ is a density-independent factor that...Ch. 44 - Prob. 7SQ
Ch. 44 - Prob. 8SQCh. 44 - The human population is now about 7 billion. It...Ch. 44 - Prob. 10SQCh. 44 - Prob. 11SQCh. 44 - Prob. 12SQCh. 44 - The demographic transition model predicts a...Ch. 44 - Prob. 14SQCh. 44 - Match each term with its most suitable...Ch. 44 - Think back to Section 44.6. When researchers moved...Ch. 44 - Mountain gorillas are a highly endangered primate...Ch. 44 - Bluebirds are songbirds that, like wood ducks,...Ch. 44 - The age structure diagrams for two hypothetical...
Additional Science Textbook Solutions
Find more solutions based on key concepts
Identify me theme or themes exemplified by (a) the sharp quills of a porcupine (b) the development of a multice...
Campbell Biology in Focus
To test your knowledge, discuss the following topics with a study partner or in writing ideally from memory. Th...
Human Anatomy
6. How can you use the features found in each chapter?
Human Anatomy & Physiology
Police Captain Jeffers has suffered a myocardial infarction. a. Explain to his (nonmedically oriented) family w...
Human Physiology: An Integrated Approach (8th Edition)
Describe Mendels conclusions about how traits are passed from generation to generation.
Concepts of Genetics (12th Edition)
The pedigrees indicated here were obtained with three unrelated families whose members express the same disease...
Genetics: From Genes to Genomes
Knowledge Booster
Learn more about
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- It is well known among population geneticists that a population bottleneck in the past history of a species be observed in a low effective population size for many future generations. It is known that the human population size crashed to about 10,000 individuals at about 70-100,000 years ago. Do the effective population sizes of the chimpanzee and the gorilla suggest that this event (ash from an eruption in Indonesia) did not cause as significant a bottleneck effect in these primates as it did in humans? Give a reason for your answer.arrow_forwardWildebeest are species of antelope found in southern Africa. The wildebeest herd in Serengeti National Park, Tanzania, is the largest herbivore herd on Earth. Scientists began monitoring the sizes of the Serengeti's large mammal populations in the 1960s. Over the next few decades, they noticed something unusual: the wildebeest population was increasing at a rate much faster than before. The scientists determined that this increase was due to several factors. One factor was a vaccination program that eradicated rinderpest, a viral disease that kills wildebeest. Based on the figure, what kind of population growth model would you use to represent wildebeest (circles) populations? wildebeest zebra 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 year Figure 1. Wildebeest and zebra populations in the Serengeti from the 1950s to 2010. vaccination campaign 00000L 000000 000009 000007 populationarrow_forwardThe red wolf (Canis rufus) was once widespread in the southeastern United States but was declared to be extinct in the wild. Biologists bred captive red wolf individuals and reintroduced them into areas of eastern North Carolina, where they are federally protected as endangered species. The current wild population is estimated to be about 100 individuals. However, a new threat to red wolves has arisen: hybridization with coyotes (Canis latrans), which have become more numerous in the areas inhabited by red wolves. Although red wolves and coyotes differ in morphology and DNA, they are capable of interbreeding and producing fertile offspring. Social behavior is the main reproductive barrier between the species and is more easily overcome when same-species mates are rare. For this reason, some people think that the endangered status of the red wolf should be withdrawn and resources should not be spent to protect what is not a “pure” species. Do you agree? Why or why not?arrow_forward
- Icefishes live in the Southern Ocean, which encircles Antarctica. Icefishes have evolved to produce antifreeze proteins which prevent ice crystals from forming in their blood, when ocean temperatures drop below the freezing point of fresh water. The antifreeze proteins, which are produced in different amounts (high, medium and low) in different fishes, help them live in the cold waters. What are the different variations of the antifreeze protein present in the population of icefish? 2. Out of the variations which one is the favorable trait in the environment of the icefish? 3. Which icefishes will natural selection select for? 4. How will the icefish population in very cold waters, change over time? 5. Describe the adaptation in icefish (in terms of allele frequency and reproductive fitness)arrow_forwardConservation biologists working with the Florida panther have set out camera traps to estimate the overall population. Through a combination of live trapping and hair snares, the biologists have worked out the exact genetics for two alleles in all remaining individuals. The homozygous recessive state causes a debilitating disease and the panthers die before reproducing. Biologists have found a high incidence of heterozygous individuals. Help the biologists determine the best conservation action in order to protect and boost the genetic health of the remaining population. The current population of Florida panthers in this example is twenty which is based upon available habitat. Eighteen of the panthers are heterozygous [Aa]. Scientists have determined that eighteen is the minimum viable population for the Florida panthers. If eighteen of the panthers are heterozygous and if homozygous recessive individuals die before reproducing, what is the genotype for the remaining two…arrow_forwardConservation biologists working with the Florida panther have set out camera traps to estimate the overall population. Through a combination of live trapping and hair snares, the biologists have worked out the exact genetics for two alleles in all remaining individuals. The homozygous recessive state causes a debilitating disease and the panthers die before reproducing. Biologists have found a high incidence of heterozygous individuals. Help the biologists determine the best conservation action in order to protect and boost the genetic health of the remaining population. The current population of Florida panthers in this example is twenty which is based upon available habitat. Eighteen of the panthers are heterozygous [Aa]. Scientists have determined that eighteen is the minimum viable population for the Florida panthers. How many of the twenty panthers in this generation will suffer from the disease and die? What is the number of survivable Florida panthers?arrow_forward
- Eastern loggerhead shrike is a critically endangered species of bird in Canada. Its population has been declining since the 1960s, and it has been speculated that habitat loss, pesticide usage combined, and climate change have affected the shrike population size. In 2004, there were approximately 70 loggerhead shrikes breeding in Canada. Over the next five years, 111 new shrikes were born, 57 died, and 15 left the area. Calculate the change in the population of eastern loggerhead shrike between 2004 and 2009. Express your answer rounded to the nearest whole number. Answerarrow_forwardIn 1995, a population of 31 gray wolves was introduced into Yellowstone National Park. The population of the gray wolves fluctuated in the 20-year period after introduction. In 2019 an estimated 80-110 wolves are present in the park. Wolves, elk, and bison are native to Yellowstone, but the wolves disappeared in the 1920s due to excessive hunting. Wolves are primarily carnivores, and elk and bison are primarily herbivores. A team of scientists monitored the population of wolves in Yellowstone for the first 20 years after their release. Number of Individuals 200 180 160 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 Number of Individuals Figure 1. Number of Wolves in Yellowstone After Release The scientists also monitored the populations of elk and bison in Yellowstone for the first 20 years after the wolves' release. Figure 2. Number of Elk and Bison in Yellowstone After Wolf Release 16,000 14,000 12,000 10,000 8,000 6,000 4,000 2,000 0 Number of Elk Calves per 100 Adult Females 40 30 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16…arrow_forwardAfrican elephants are threatened by poachers, who kill the elephants for their tusks. Both male and female elephants can grow tusks. There are some elephants that are tuskless (do not grow tusks). In the elephant population of Gorongosa National Park, the number of female elephants was monitored for many years. The graphs show the total female elephant population and the percent of tuskless females in that population from 1970 to 2015. Which of the following describes the trend in the female elephant population from 1970 to 1995 ? The overall population decreased, and the proportion without tusks increased. Answer A: The overall population decreased, and the proportion without tusks increased. A The overall population decreased, and the proportion without tusks decreased. Answer B: The overall population decreased, and the proportion without tusks decreased. B The overall population increased and then decreased, and the proportion without tusks…arrow_forward
- New Zealand snapper populations were found to be under the influence of genetic drift, suggesting overfishing was still an issue for them, despite the New Zealand fisheries estimating their total population size to be over 3 million. Which of the following is the best explanation for this observation? A) Pelagic fish, like the New Zealand snapper, often only have a few reproductive individuals, therefore their effective population size is actually much smaller than the total population size. B) Pelagic fish, like the New Zealand snapper, often have an equal sex ratio which affects the number of breeding individuals. C) Pelagic fish, like the New Zealand snapper, often have disassortative mating which affects the number of breeding individuals. D) Pelagic fish, like the New Zealand snapper, often have assortative mating which affects the number of breeding individuals.arrow_forwardWolves recolonized a large area around Grand Teton National Park (GTNP) in the late 1990’s. Wolf biologists started estimating the number of wolves in 2000 at 21 wolves in GTNP population. In 2010 they repeated their population surveys and counted 105 animals.The population growth rate of wolves is 8 per year.State biologists want to know how long it will take for this population to reach 175 wolves so they can delist them in this region of Wyoming. How long will it take for the population to reach this threshold, assuming growth stays the same?arrow_forwardThe endangered Amargosa River pupfish (Cyprinodon nevadensis amargosae) lives in Death Valley, where different populations of the species live in total isolation from one another in tiny permanent pools and short stream segments (Lema and Nevitt 2004). Although these populations have been separated from one another for only 400 to 4000 years, males in some places aggressively defend territories and court females drawn to them, while males in other populations are not aggressive toward one another and do not defend territories. How could these changes occur so rapidly? How might you establish experimentally that the hormone arginine vasotocin (AVT) decreases aggressive behavior in pupfish? If the hormone does lower aggression in this species, what predictions could you make about AVT or about AVT receptor protein differences between territorial and nonterritorial males of the same species? please don't write from any online sourcearrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)BiologyISBN:9780134580999Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. HoehnPublisher:PEARSON
Biology 2eBiologyISBN:9781947172517Author:Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann ClarkPublisher:OpenStax
Anatomy & PhysiologyBiologyISBN:9781259398629Author:McKinley, Michael P., O'loughlin, Valerie Dean, Bidle, Theresa StouterPublisher:Mcgraw Hill Education,
Molecular Biology of the Cell (Sixth Edition)BiologyISBN:9780815344322Author:Bruce Alberts, Alexander D. Johnson, Julian Lewis, David Morgan, Martin Raff, Keith Roberts, Peter WalterPublisher:W. W. Norton & Company
Laboratory Manual For Human Anatomy & PhysiologyBiologyISBN:9781260159363Author:Martin, Terry R., Prentice-craver, CynthiaPublisher:McGraw-Hill Publishing Co.
Inquiry Into Life (16th Edition)BiologyISBN:9781260231700Author:Sylvia S. Mader, Michael WindelspechtPublisher:McGraw Hill Education
Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
Biology
ISBN:9780134580999
Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Publisher:PEARSON
Biology 2e
Biology
ISBN:9781947172517
Author:Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann Clark
Publisher:OpenStax
Anatomy & Physiology
Biology
ISBN:9781259398629
Author:McKinley, Michael P., O'loughlin, Valerie Dean, Bidle, Theresa Stouter
Publisher:Mcgraw Hill Education,
Molecular Biology of the Cell (Sixth Edition)
Biology
ISBN:9780815344322
Author:Bruce Alberts, Alexander D. Johnson, Julian Lewis, David Morgan, Martin Raff, Keith Roberts, Peter Walter
Publisher:W. W. Norton & Company
Laboratory Manual For Human Anatomy & Physiology
Biology
ISBN:9781260159363
Author:Martin, Terry R., Prentice-craver, Cynthia
Publisher:McGraw-Hill Publishing Co.
Inquiry Into Life (16th Edition)
Biology
ISBN:9781260231700
Author:Sylvia S. Mader, Michael Windelspecht
Publisher:McGraw Hill Education
FOSSIL FRIDAY: Primate Evolution | Grades 7-10; Author: Museum of the Rockies;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9tVLfvm3AFk;License: Standard YouTube License, CC-BY