Chapter 44, Problem 1RE

A.

Summary Introduction

To determine: The way foraging and the lack of estrogen contribute to the development of osteoporosis.

Introduction: Estrogen is a female sex hormone that is responsible for the regulation and development of the female reproductive system.

Explanation of Solution

Osteoporosis is a bone disease in which the amount of bone density starts decreasing. This disease also reduces bone matrix and mineralization. It found as the result of multiple diseases or disorders that connect with the aging process. The WHO (World Health Organization) definesthat osteoporosis affects 10 million individuals age 50 years older. In female postmenopausal osteoporosis caused estrogen deficiency because cancellous bone starts diminishing.

B.

Summary Introduction

To determine: The factors associated with the risk of developing osteoporosis.

Introduction: Osteoporosis is a disease or disorder that represents the loss of bone density and bone matrix and mineralization.

Explanation of Solution

Osteoporosis defines as the imbalance between bone resorption and formation where the bone resorption exceeds bone formation. These factors play a crucial role in occurring osteoporosis. Disorder of osteoporosis contributes to the loss of bone, which depends upon the age, gender, activity level, and nutritional status.

C.

Summary Introduction

To determine: The way to measure bone density.

Introduction: Bone density is defined as the amount of bone mineral present in the bone tissue of an individual.

Explanation of Solution

The diagnostic method is used to identify the osteoporosis in which an individual loses bone density. To measure bone density, the use of the BMD test is preferred. The BDM test is known as a central dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. This test measures bone density at the portion of the hip and lumbar spine.

D.

Summary Introduction

To determine: The two essential factors associated with preventing osteoporosis.

Introduction: An individual can gain bone mass by doing weight lifting exercises such as walking, jogging, rowing, and weight lifting.

Explanation of Solution

The early detection and prevention of osteoporosisare important to prevent an individual from fracture and deformity. To prevent the high risk of osteoporosis, an individual does regular exercise and intake an appropriate amount of calcium and vitamin D.

E.

Summary Introduction

To determine: The medication is used to treat backache and loss of weight due to osteoporosis.

Introduction: An individual can prevent themselves by taking calcium-rich products such as milk, paneer, curd, and citrus fruit.

Explanation of Solution

 An individual suffering from osteoporosis is recommended to make medicines. There are multiple types of medication used to treat backache and loss of weight, such as biphosphates, selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs), calcitonin, and RANKL inhibitor denosumab.