Pearson eText Biology: Life on Earth with Physiology -- Instant Access (Pearson+)
12th Edition
ISBN: 9780135755785
Author: Gerald Audesirk, Teresa Audesirk
Publisher: PEARSON+
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Chapter 43.5, Problem 1HYEW
Summary Introduction
To determine:
Why childbirth is so difficult.
Introduction:
Earlier, head of the newborn babies was smaller due to the poor nutrients. But now, the women’s hip has evolved wider so that large headed infants would be easily squeezed out.
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According to Richard Owen, the forelimbs of an adult human (with hands, adapted for grasping fruit from a tree), and the forelimbs of an adult bat (with wings, adapted for flight), are both derived from the same mammalian embryological structures, so they must represent:
homologous structures, with similar embryonic anatomy, but different functions
analogous structures, with different functions, and different embryonic anatomy
analogous structures, with similar functions, but different embryonic anatomy
analogous structures, with different embryonic anatomy, and different functions
homologous structures, with different embryonic anatomy, but similar functions
One of the earliest experimental embryology experiments was conducted by Wilhelm Roux, who used a hot needle to kill one of the cells in an amphibian embryo at the two-cell stage. In the experiment, the remaining living cell formed only half of an embryo. However, later vertebrate experiments showed that by completely separating cells in early embryos, each can make complete individuals. What could explain the discrepancy in these experiments?
Vertebrate embryos all follow a very similar developmental process. Which statement could explain this similarity?
All vertebrates develop a backbone that protects the spinal cord.
All vertebrates live in similar environments which require the same adaptations.
All vertebrates inherit the same sequence of DNA from their parents.
All vertebrates require the same nutrients during embryological development.
Chapter 43 Solutions
Pearson eText Biology: Life on Earth with Physiology -- Instant Access (Pearson+)
Ch. 43.1 - define development and describe how cell division...Ch. 43.2 - Prob. 1CYLCh. 43.3 - describe early development in amphibians,...Ch. 43.3 - Prob. 2CYLCh. 43.4 - Prob. 1TCCh. 43.4 - Prob. 2TCCh. 43.4 - Does the development of a human limb, and the rest...Ch. 43.4 - Prob. 1CYLCh. 43.4 - Prob. 2CYLCh. 43.5 - Prob. 1TC
Ch. 43.5 - Prob. 1CSCCh. 43.5 - Prob. 2TCCh. 43.5 - Prob. 3TCCh. 43.5 - Prob. 1HYEWCh. 43.5 - describe human embryonic development from...Ch. 43.5 - describe the structure and function of the...Ch. 43.5 - Prob. 3CYLCh. 43.6 - Prob. 1TCCh. 43.6 - Prob. 1CYLCh. 43.6 - Prob. 2CYLCh. 43.6 - Prob. 3CYLCh. 43.6 - Prob. 2TCCh. 43 - Prob. 1MCCh. 43 - Animals with Indirect development a. develop...Ch. 43 - Prob. 3MCCh. 43 - Prob. 4MCCh. 43 - Prob. 5MCCh. 43 - Prob. 6MCCh. 43 - Prob. 7MCCh. 43 - Prob. 8MCCh. 43 - Prob. 1FIBCh. 43 - Prob. 2FIBCh. 43 - Prob. 3FIBCh. 43 - Prob. 4FIBCh. 43 - Distinguish between direct and indirect...Ch. 43 - Describe the structure and function of the four...Ch. 43 - What is gastrulation? Describe gastrulation in...Ch. 43 - Prob. 4RQCh. 43 - Prob. 5RQCh. 43 - In humans, where does fertilization occur, and...Ch. 43 - Prob. 7RQCh. 43 - Prob. 8RQCh. 43 - How do changes in the breast prepare a mother to...Ch. 43 - Prob. 10RQCh. 43 - Prob. 1ACCh. 43 - Prob. 2AC
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- Scientists compare the structures of a chicken embryo and a human embryo at the same stage of development. They find that both vertebrates have similar shapes and structures, including the presence of gill slits and tails. How is this comparison of the embryos used as supporting evidence of evolution? A. The similarities suggest that chickens and humans are the direct descendants of modern day fish with tails and gill slits. B. The similarities suggest that vertebrates passthrough each of the adult stages of their evoluntionary history as they develop. C. The similarities suggest that vertebrates can undergo genetic changes during development that lead to the evolution of new species D. The similarities suggest that chickens and humans descend from ancestors with genes that code for the development of tails and gill slitsarrow_forwardOviparity is the rule in the animal kingdom. It is common in insects, fishes, amphibians, and reptiles, and universal in birds. Among mammals, the most primitive species (the echidna and the platypus) are also oviparous. However, all mammals that evolved later (marsupials and placentals) are viviparous. What do you think was responsible for this major shift in reproductive strategy?arrow_forwardFigure 29.22 Which of the following statements about the parts of an amniotic egg are false? The allantois stores nitrogenous waste and facilitates respiration. The chorion facilitates gas exchange. The yolk provides food for the growing embryo. The amniotic cavity is filled with albumen.arrow_forward
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