In each of Problems 1 through 26: (a) Find the general solution in terms of real functions. (b) From the roots of the characteristics equation, determine whether each critical point of the corresponding dynamical system is asymptotically stable, stable, or unstable, and classify it as to type. (c) Use the general solution obtained in part (a) to find a two parameter family of trajectories X = x 1 i + x 2 j = y i + y ' j of the corresponding dynamical system. Then sketch by hand, or use a computer, to draw a phase portrait, including any straight-line orbits, from this family of trajectories. y ' ' − 2 y ' + 2 y = 0
In each of Problems 1 through 26: (a) Find the general solution in terms of real functions. (b) From the roots of the characteristics equation, determine whether each critical point of the corresponding dynamical system is asymptotically stable, stable, or unstable, and classify it as to type. (c) Use the general solution obtained in part (a) to find a two parameter family of trajectories X = x 1 i + x 2 j = y i + y ' j of the corresponding dynamical system. Then sketch by hand, or use a computer, to draw a phase portrait, including any straight-line orbits, from this family of trajectories. y ' ' − 2 y ' + 2 y = 0
(a) Find the general solution in terms of real functions.
(b) From the roots of the characteristics equation, determine whether each critical point of the corresponding dynamical system is asymptotically stable, stable, or unstable, and classify it as to type.
(c) Use the general solution obtained in part (a) to find a two parameter family of trajectories
X
=
x
1
i
+
x
2
j
=
y
i
+
y
'
j
of the corresponding dynamical system. Then sketch by hand, or use a computer, to draw a phase portrait, including any straight-line orbits, from this family of trajectories.
(3) The approximate enrollment, in millions between the years 2009 and 2018 is
provided by a linear model
Y3D0.2309x+18.35
Where x-0 corresponds to 2009, x=1 to 2010, and so on, and y is in millions of
students.
Use the model determine projected enrollment for the
year
2014.
近
(3.3) Find the fixed points of the following dynamical system:
-+v +v, v= 0+v? +1,
and examine their stability.
The Lotka-Volterra model is often used to characterize predator-prey interactions. For example,
if R is the population of rabbits (which reproduce autocatlytically), G is the amount of grass
available for rabbit food (assumed to be constant), L is the population of Lynxes that feeds on
the rabbits, and D represents dead lynxes, the following equations represent the dynamic
behavior of the populations of rabbits and lynxes:
R+G→ 2R (1)
L+R→ 2L (2)
(3)
Each step is irreversible since, for example, rabbits cannot turn back into grass.
a) Write down the differential equations that describe how the populations of rabbits (R) and
lynxes (L) change with time.
b) Assuming G and all of the rate constants are unity, solve the equations for the evolution of
the animal populations with time. Let the initial values of R and L be 20 and 1, respectively.
Plot your results and discuss how the two populations are related.
Chapter 4 Solutions
Differential Equations: An Introduction to Modern Methods and Applications
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