Electric Motors and Control Systems
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9780073373812
Author: Frank D. Petruzella
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Chapter 4.3, Problem 15RQ
Outline the principle of operation of an optical encoder.
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The information in an analog voltage waveform is to be transmitted over a PCM system with a
10.1% accuracy (full scale). The analog waveform has an absolute bandwidth of 100 Hz and an
amplitude range of -10 to +10 V.
(a) Determine the minimum sampling rate needed.
(b) Determine the number of bits needed in each PCM word.
(c) Determine the minimum bit rate required in the PCM signal.
(d) Determine the minimum absolute channel bandwidth required for transmission of this PCM
signal.
What is PWM (Pulse Width Modulation), and how is it used in microcontroller applications? Provide examples of practical use cases for PWM.
b) Briefly describe the function of an encoder. You may use a 4 to 2 decoder to explain the
functionality. What are some situations in which an encoder is used in a digital circuit?
Chapter 4 Solutions
Electric Motors and Control Systems
Ch. 4.1 - Prob. 1RQCh. 4.1 - Prob. 2RQCh. 4.1 - What do the terms normally open and normally...Ch. 4.1 - The types of enclosures used to house motor...Ch. 4.1 - Prob. 5RQCh. 4.1 - Compare the operation of momentary and maintained...Ch. 4.1 - What is the OSHA requirement for resetting...Ch. 4.1 - Prob. 8RQCh. 4.1 - Explain how a push-to-test pilot light operates.Ch. 4.1 - Compare the way in which pushbutton and selector...
Ch. 4.1 - Prob. 11RQCh. 4.2 - Define the term mechanically operated switch.Ch. 4.2 - In what way are limit switches normally actuated?Ch. 4.2 - A control application calls for an NC held open...Ch. 4.2 - List four common types of limit switch operator...Ch. 4.2 - Prob. 5RQCh. 4.2 - Prob. 6RQCh. 4.2 - For what types of machine control applications are...Ch. 4.2 - How does a fluid capillary tube temperature switch...Ch. 4.2 - Prob. 9RQCh. 4.2 - Prob. 10RQCh. 4.3 - In general, how do sensor pilot devices operate?Ch. 4.3 - What is the main feature of a proximity sensor?Ch. 4.3 - List the main component of an inductive proximity...Ch. 4.3 - Explain the term hysteresis as it applies to a...Ch. 4.3 - How is a two-wire sensor connected relative to the...Ch. 4.3 - In what way is the sensing field of a capacitive...Ch. 4.3 - For what type of target would a capacitive...Ch. 4.3 - Prob. 8RQCh. 4.3 - Name the three most common scan techniques for...Ch. 4.3 - What are the advantages of fiber optic sensing...Ch. 4.3 - Outline the principle of operation of a Hall...Ch. 4.3 - Outline the principle of operation of an...Ch. 4.3 - List the four basic types of temperature sensors...Ch. 4.3 - Compare the way in which a tachometer and magnetic...Ch. 4.3 - Outline the principle of operation of an optical...Ch. 4.3 - What approach is usually taken to measurement of...Ch. 4.3 - Prob. 17RQCh. 4.4 - Define the term actuator as it applies to an...Ch. 4.4 - In what ways are electromagnetic relays employed...Ch. 4.4 - Prob. 3RQCh. 4.4 - Prob. 4RQCh. 4.4 - Prob. 5RQCh. 4.4 - Prob. 6RQCh. 4.4 - Prob. 7RQCh. 4.4 - Prob. 8RQCh. 4.4 - Prob. 9RQCh. 4.4 - What is the basic difference between an open-loop...Ch. 4.4 - Prob. 11RQCh. 4.4 - Prob. 12RQCh. 4.4 - In what way docs a double-break contact differ...Ch. 4.4 - Prob. 14RQCh. 4.4 - Prob. 1TCh. 4.4 - Prob. 2TCh. 4.4 - Prob. 4TCh. 4.4 - Prob. 5TCh. 4.4 - A through-beam photoelectric sensor appears to be...Ch. 4.4 - Prob. 1DTCh. 4.4 - Prob. 2DTCh. 4.4 - Prob. 3DTCh. 4.4 - What does the range adjustment on a float switch...Ch. 4.4 - A stepper motor cannot be bench-checked directly...
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- 1. What are the advantages of sampling analog signals?arrow_forwardWhich statement is not true for a source encoder? a.reduces the size of the data b.Converts analog information to discrete signal c.Removes redundancy d.Converts digital input to pulsating signalarrow_forwardExplain the working principle of the incremental optical encoder *Mention its use/application and explainarrow_forward
- 5- Discuss the effect of changing the number of bits on the recovered analog waveform. 6- Discuss the effect of changing the frequency of input analog signal on the reconstructed analog output signal.arrow_forwardProblem 2: The information in an analog signal voltage waveform is to be transmitted over a PCM system with an accuracy of ± 0.1 % of the peak-to-peak analog signal. The analog voltage waveform has a bandwidth of 100 Hz and an amplitude range of – 10 to + 10 Volts. Determine the minimum sampling rate required. b. Determine the number of bits in each PCM word. c. Determine the minimum bit rate required in the PCM system. d. Determine the minimum absolute channel bandwidth required for the transmission of the PCM signal.arrow_forwardIn digital design, how important are priority encoder, decoder, and multiplexer circuits? Give 3 examples of each and a brief explanation of the function.arrow_forward
- Q 4. a) Determine control words when the ports of Intel 8255 are defined as follows: Port A as an input port. Mode of the Port A is Mode 0. Port B as an input port. Mode of the Port B is Mode 0. Port C upper and C lower are input ports.arrow_forwardGive me right solution otherwise leave it. A voltage signal with a range of zero to 115 V. is to be converted by means of an ADC. Determine the minimum number of bits required to obtain a resolution of 10V?arrow_forwardHow do transistors amplify signals?arrow_forward
- Q2/ The information in an analog signal voltage waveform is to be transmitted over a PCM system with an accuracy of ±0.1% (full scale). The analog voltage waveform has a bandwidth of 100 Hz and an amplitude range of -10 to +10 volts. Find the minimum sampling rate required. i) ii) Find minimum bit rate required in the PCM signal. Find the number of bits in each PCM word. iii) iv) Find the minimum absolute channel bandwidth required for the transmission of the PCM signal.arrow_forward(a) Describe TWO (2) advantages of DIGITAL over to ANALOG in data storage field.arrow_forwardThe current output of a successive approximative type ADC is showing as 110011. If the reference voltage to the ADC is 5V, what is the corresponding analog signal voltage input to this ADC? If the ADC were of 10 bits, would the conversion time be reduced? Please answer ASAP I will like it please ASAP...arrow_forward
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