Campbell Biology in Focus (2nd Edition)
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9780321962751
Author: Lisa A. Urry, Michael L. Cain, Steven A. Wasserman, Peter V. Minorsky, Jane B. Reece
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 42.4, Problem 1CC
Summary Introduction
To draw:
Simplified diagrams showing one possible path of an atom from the abiotic to biotic reserves of all the four biogeochemical cycles.
Concept introduction:
Biogeochemical cycle is defined as the nutrient cycle that involves both, abiotic as well as the biotic components. The cycle basically, summarizes the chemical components movement in a biosphere.
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Chapter 10 of your textbook describes four biogeochemical cycles (some of which might also be called nutrient cycles) which carry elements and compounds essential to life on earth: the oxygen cycle, the carbon cycle, the nitrogen cycle and the phosphorous cycle. Read the sections in the textbook and refer to the diagrams for each of the cycles.These cycles are constantly going on around us. Think about how we are involved in these cycles. What parts of the major biogeochemical cycles do we witness or experience in our daily lives? Give one example per post or response. Think about where the element or nutrient may have come from or where it may go next and whether the process may have been affected by humans and human activities.A simple example (using the hydrologic cycle, which we studied in Chapter 7): Yesterday I was at the beach and witnessed rain falling into the ocean. This is part of the hydrologic cycle. Most of the rainwater probably came from evaporation of water from the…
The biogeochemical cycles are:
Thermodynamic processes that end in the same process in which they
started.
They are cycles that describe the different types of energy in an ecosystem.
They are phases through which the chemical elements pass in the form of
molecules through the air and water.
Those that represent the continuous circulation of various nutrients.
An estimated 1000 kg of plant plankton are needed to produce 100 kg of animal plankton. The animal plankton is in turned consumed by 10 kg of fish, the amount needed by a person to gain 1 kg of body mass.
i) explain why the amount of biomass declines at each successive trophic level.
Chapter 42 Solutions
Campbell Biology in Focus (2nd Edition)
Ch. 42.1 - Why is the transfer of energy in an ecosystem...Ch. 42.1 - WHAT IF? You are studying nitrogen cycling on the...Ch. 42.1 - MAKE CONNECTIONS Use the second law of...Ch. 42.2 - Why is only a small portion of the solar energy...Ch. 42.2 - How can ecologists experimentally determine the...Ch. 42.2 - Prob. 3CCCh. 42.3 - If an insect that eats plant seeds containing 100...Ch. 42.3 - Tobacco leaves contain nicotine, a poisonous...Ch. 42.3 - WHAT IF? Detritivores are consumers that obtain...Ch. 42.4 - Prob. 1CC
Ch. 42.4 - Prob. 2CCCh. 42.4 - Prob. 3CCCh. 42.5 - Prob. 1CCCh. 42.5 - How do bioremediation and biological augmentation...Ch. 42.5 - Prob. 3CCCh. 42 - Prob. 1TYUCh. 42 - Which of these ecosystems has the lowest net...Ch. 42 - Prob. 3TYUCh. 42 - Prob. 4TYUCh. 42 - Which of the following has the greatest effect on...Ch. 42 - Prob. 6TYUCh. 42 - Prob. 7TYUCh. 42 - Prob. 8TYUCh. 42 - INTERPRET THE DATA Draw a simplified global water...Ch. 42 - SCIENTIFIC INQUIRY Using two neighboring ponds in...Ch. 42 - Prob. 11TYUCh. 42 - FOCUS ON ENERGY AND MATIER Decomposition typically...Ch. 42 - Prob. 13TYU
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- Figure 20.12 Which of the following statements about the nitrogen cycle is false? a. Ammonification converts organic nitrogenous matter from living organisms into ammonium (NH4+) . b. Denitrification by bacteria converts nitrates (NO3) to nitrogen gas (N2) . c. Nitrification by bacteria converts nitrates (NO3) to nitrites (NO2) . d. Nitrogen fixing bacteria convert nitrogen gas (N2) into organic compounds.arrow_forwardFigure 46.17 Which of the following statements about the nitrogen cycle is false? Ammonification converts organic nitrogenous matter from living organisms into ammonium (NH4+). Denitrification by bacteria converts nitrates (NO3-) to nitrogen gas (N2). Nitrification by bacteria converts nitrates (NO3 ) to nitrites (NO2-). Nitrogen fixing bacteria convert nitrogen gas (N2) into organic compounds.arrow_forwardMatter is continually recycled between abiotic and biotic components of Earth's ecosystem in biogeochemical cycles. the various cycles differ from one another in several key aspects of their storage, conversion and modes of transport. A. Describe the critical processes by which nitrogen is cycled through the biotic and abiotic components of earth’s atmosphere and identify the primary storage sink for nitrogenarrow_forward
- support or refute the following statements based on what you learned about energy flow, biogeochemical cycling, decomposition, trophic levels, and keystone species. You may add a diagram or illustration to support your answer. Planting mangroves is better than putting dolomite sand on the coast of the polluted Manila Bay.arrow_forwardsupport or refute the following statements based on what you learned about energy flow, biogeochemical cycling, decomposition, trophic levels, and keystone species. You may add a diagram or illustration to support your answer. Shark fin soup can cause the collapse of coral reef ecosystemarrow_forwardPhytoplankton is an aquatic autotroph. Describe its role in the food web. refer to picturearrow_forward
- 4.2 What happens if there's a natural disturbance (drought) affecting the balance of the food chain so that the Sun +E can supply only 4 energy units per plant? Compute for energy units following the table above and answer the following questions: No. No. units Mean no. individuals No. of units No. units No. units remaining & passed on to next trophic units in each received used/indi used in available per trophic from trophic vidual level Trophic individual in trophic level Levels level above (Resp) level trophic level SUN +E = 4 1) Plants 30 2 2) Grasshopper 3) Frog 19 2 12 2 4) Snake 8 2 5) Owl 4 2arrow_forwardRefer to Fig. 5.5. and redraw the important transformations of fixed nitrogen in ecosystems. Note the following processes: biological N fixation, non-biological N-fixation, ammonification, nitrification, denitrification. Reference: https://ecampusontario.pressbooks.pub/environmentalscience/chapter/chapter-5-flows-and-cycles-of-nutrients/arrow_forwardIn an ocean ecosystem, the biomass of an algal community is approximately 3000 kilograms. It can support a food chain up to 4 levels. Considering an efficiency at an average of 10% in passing on energy from one trophic level to the next level, how much biomass of the fourth trophic level can be maintained.arrow_forward
- Can you help label a nitrogen cycle diagram, please?arrow_forwardStudents from Westbury High School participated in a study of the Willow Waterhole Pond. After safely taking samples of some small fish, a fish-eating hawk, some pond water, some zooplankton, and a fish that preys on the small fish, they determined the average concentration of compound "Z" in each sample. The table below summarizes their data. Build a food chain that illustrates the correct trophic order in the pond. Include the concentrations of compound "Z" for each part of the chain. Describe one natural process that would cause compound "Z" to contaminate the pond's water. (Please write in complete sentences.)arrow_forwardMatch the following biogeochemical cycles terms to the correct definiton. In this cycle the absorption of this 1. bio-essential element from the atmosphere increases the pH of the oceans. The main reservoir of this nutrient 2. is in the building block for all necessary biomolecules (fats, proteins, and carbohydrates) that constitute an important part of the inorganic matter. The element of this cycle is stored 3. in long-term in Carbonate rocks (e.g., limestone) And Fossil carbon (e.g., oil, coal) SInk The material flows in from the 4. reservoir. Source The reincorporation of this 5. element in its cycle is slow Carbon cycle because a considerable amount of it is stored in animal epidermal Phosphorus cycle alpha-keratin protein filaments. In this cycle the fungi from 6. the Rhizobium family helps in the Nitrogen cycle fixation of this element into the soil. Most plants cannot access this 7. nutrient from the atmosphere; therefore, they obtain it from the soil. This cycle refers to a 8.…arrow_forward
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