Campbell Biology (11th Edition)
11th Edition
ISBN: 9780134093413
Author: Lisa A. Urry, Michael L. Cain, Steven A. Wasserman, Peter V. Minorsky, Jane B. Reece
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 42, Problem 10TYU
Summary Introduction
To explain: The differences between fetal hemoglobin and adult hemoglobin.
Concept introduction:
Respiratory system exhibits a catabolic process. It mainly involves the exchange of gases between oxygen and carbon dioxide. In the exchange process, the respiratory pigments play a keyrole in gaseous exchange. Example: hemoglobin.
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Our human hemoglobin is 100% saturated near the alveoli and 80% saturated after passing through the systemic capillaries and moving back into the veins. By contrast, an extraterrestrial friend's oxygen-binding molecule is 100% saturated near their alveoli and 60% saturated after passing through their systemic arteries and moving back into the veins. How does his hemoglobin compare to yours?
a. they deliver a larger share of oxygen to their tissues at rest
b. the partial pressure of O2 in their alveoli is higher than ours
c. the oxygen- binding molecule in their circulatory system is worse than ours
d. the partial pressure of O2 in their tissue is lower than ours
73) The Haldane Effect says that it is easier for CO2 to bind to hemoglobin once oxygen has dissociated from the heme group.
Group of answer choices
True
False
74) In the homeostatic regulation of blood oxygen levels, the central processor is the ________.
Group of answer choices
Blood Oxygen Levels
CO2 Receptors
Kidney
Red Bone Marrow
Lungs
75) Boyle’s Law states that there is a directly proportional relationship between the volume of a container and the pressure within that container.
Group of answer choices
False
True
76) All Red Blood Cells are replenished at the same time.
Group of answer choices
True
False
Chapter 42 Solutions
Campbell Biology (11th Edition)
Ch. 42.1 - Prob. 1CCCh. 42.1 - Three-chambered hearts with incomplete septa were...Ch. 42.1 - Prob. 3CCCh. 42.2 - Explain why blood has a higher 02 concentration in...Ch. 42.2 - Prob. 2CCCh. 42.2 - Prob. 3CCCh. 42.3 - Prob. 1CCCh. 42.3 - Prob. 2CCCh. 42.3 - Prob. 3CCCh. 42.4 - Explain why a physician might order a white cell...
Ch. 42.4 - Prob. 2CCCh. 42.4 - Prob. 3CCCh. 42.4 - Prob. 4CCCh. 42.5 - Why is an internal location for gas exchange...Ch. 42.5 - Prob. 2CCCh. 42.5 - MAKE CONNECTIONS Describe similarities in the...Ch. 42.6 - Prob. 1CCCh. 42.6 - Prob. 2CCCh. 42.6 - Prob. 3CCCh. 42.7 - What determines whether O2 and CO2 undergo net...Ch. 42.7 - How does the Bohr shift help deliver O2 to very...Ch. 42.7 - Prob. 3CCCh. 42 - How does the flow of a fluid in a closed...Ch. 42 - Prob. 42.2CRCh. 42 - Prob. 42.3CRCh. 42 - Prob. 42.4CRCh. 42 - Prob. 42.5CRCh. 42 - How does air in the lungs differ from the fresh...Ch. 42 - How are the roles of a respiratory pigment and an...Ch. 42 - Prob. 1TYUCh. 42 - Blood returning to the mammalian heart in a...Ch. 42 - Prob. 3TYUCh. 42 - When you hold your breath, which of the following...Ch. 42 - Prob. 5TYUCh. 42 - Prob. 6TYUCh. 42 - Prob. 7TYUCh. 42 - DRAW IT Plot blood pressure against time for one...Ch. 42 - EVOLUTION CONNECTION One opponent of the movie...Ch. 42 - Prob. 10TYUCh. 42 - Prob. 11TYUCh. 42 - WRITE ABOUT A THEME: INTERACTIONS Some athletes...Ch. 42 - Prob. 13TYU
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- As discussed in the Biology and Society section, the delivery of oxygen to muscles is the limiting factor for many athletes. Some athletes seek to improve their athletic performance through blood doping, which can artificially increase athletic capacity. Other athletes achieve the same result by training at high altitude (which promotes the formation of more red blood cells by the bone marrow). If two athletes achieve exactly the same result—one due to injecting her own blood and one due to training at altitude—why do you think the former is considered cheating but the latter is not? What would you do to enforce antidoping rules in sports at all levels (high school, college, Olympic, professional)?arrow_forwardYou are studying with a friend who is describing the Bohr effect. She tells you that in the lungs, hemoglobin binds oxygen and releases hydrogen ion; as a result, the pH increases. She goes on to say that in actively metabolizing muscle tissue, hemoglobin releases oxygen and binds hydrogen ion and, as a result, the pH decreases. Do you agree with her reasoning? Why or why not?arrow_forwardWhich of the following describe(s) a characteristic or function of hemoglobin?a. Hemoglobin consists of four chains of amino acids.b. A hemoglobin molecule contains four iron ions to carry oxygen.c. In addition to transporting oxygen, hemoglobin molecules carry carbon dioxide and hydrogen ions.d. Hemoglobin is a protein found in all formed elements.e. There are four hemoglobin molecules in each red blood cell.arrow_forward
- Which of the following is a true statement? A. The concentration of oxygen in water is greater than that in air. B. In animals with gills, ventilation helps to reduce the thickness of the boundary layer. C. Countercurrent flow at the gas-exchange surface results in the diffusion gradient across surface. D. Mammalian lungs requires the diaphragm because the lungs are relatively stiff and filled with parabronchi.arrow_forwardCompare the structure and function of hemoglobin and myoglobin. Which oxygen binding curve in the graph below belongs to myoglobin and which to hemoglobin? Please specify. Explain the effect of pH on oxygen binding to hemoglobin, and show on the graph in which direction the pH will shift if it falls below the physiological pH value (7.4).arrow_forwardIn addition to O2 binding, changes in other chemical conditions can result in changes in hemoglobin structure and function. Increases in blood H+ result in oxygen binding curves for hemoglobin that are shifted to the right. The effect of H+ can be understood in terms of the equilibrium:H-Hb+ + O2 → Hb-O2 + H+How does the difference in pH in the lungs and tissues help hemoglobin do its job of delivering oxygen? Use the equilibrium equation in your argument.arrow_forward
- Which of the following provides the best evidence that the circulatory system and the respiratory system work together to carry out their functions?arrow_forwardExplain how oxygen is carried in blood, including specifically the role of hemoglobin. Answer the same question with regard to car-bon dioxide transportarrow_forwardLike typical fish, the crocodile icefish still need and use oxygen for metabolism. Explain why only fish that evolved to live in cold waters, like the crocodile icefish, could lose hemoglobin? ( unlike terrestrial organisms, marine organisms like fish use oxygen dissolved in water.)arrow_forward
- Consider modeling the concentration of a chemical in a lung using the table below.Fill in the missing values and calculate the concentration at time t = 1 if the starting concentration is c0 = 0.11 mmol/L (millimoles per liter). Suppose the volume of the lung is V = 2.5 liters, the volume of air inhaled and exhaled in each breath is W =1.5 liters, and the ambient concentration of the surrounding air is a fixed 0.18 mmol/L. STEP Volume (L) Chemical (mmol) Concentration (mmol/L) Before Exhale 2.5 0.11 Exhale 1.5 0.11 After Exhale 0.11 Inhale 1.5 After Inhale The concentration at time t = 1 is c1: ______arrow_forwardGive correct answerarrow_forwardWhat is the biological advantage to the sigmoidal binding curve of hemoglobin for oxygen? A. It ensures that hemoglobin has a high affinity for oxygen. B. It allows hemoglobin to bind oxygen irreversibly. C. It ensures that hemoglobin can bind oxygen only weakly. D. It allows hemoglobin to shift between low and high affinities for oxygen.arrow_forward
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