Principles of Biology
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9781259875120
Author: Robert Brooker, Eric P. Widmaier Dr., Linda Graham Dr. Ph.D., Peter Stiling Dr. Ph.D.
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Chapter 41.3, Problem 1CC
Summary Introduction
To write:
About the problem that could occur to a fluid flowing in a capillary if the protein concentration in the human body is reduced.
Introduction:
Oncotic pressure is also known as colloid osmotic pressure, where it is induced by proteins (albumin) displacing water molecules in the blood vessel’s plasma. It has the opposite effect to that of hydrostatic pressure moving water and other small molecules out of the blood vessels.
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Blood pressure at the arterial end of capillaries is about 40 mm Hg in humans. If blood pressure at the venous end is about 15 mm Hg, and colloid osmotic pressure is 25 mm Hg throughout, what is the net effect on fluid movement between capillaries and tissue spaces?
Describe laminar flow and turbulent flow through a tube.What conditions cause turbulent flow of blood?
What is the only solute that has a significant concentration difference across the capillary wall? How does this difference influence water concentration?
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- What is colloid osmotic pressure? In which direction does colloid osmotic pressure drive the movement of water in a capillary?arrow_forwardAs blood flows from the aorta to the arteries, arterioles, and capillaries and through the venous circulation, it encounters various resistances to flow, which results in pressure drops. Using the table, calculate the resistance for an artery and a capillary. (Note: The viscosity of the blood is 3.5 × 10-3 Pa-s.)arrow_forwardLet us consider a situation where a blood platelet is travelling through a coronary artery that has been blocked partially due to formation of plaques. What happens to the pressure when the platelet travels from this narrower region to a wider region? Explain using equations.arrow_forward
- If an accident victim loses 1 L of blood, why would an intravenous infusion of a liter of plasma be more effective for replacing the lost volume than infusing a liter of an equally concentrated crystalloid (e.g., sodium chloride) solution?arrow_forwardLet us consider a situation where a blood platelet is traveling through a coronary artery that has been blocked partially due to formation of plaques. What happens to the pressure when the platelet travels from this narrower region to a wider region? Explain using equations.arrow_forwardwhy is circulation dynamic?arrow_forward
- Let’s say an arteriole dilates to 50% greater than its original size (i.e., the new radius of the arteriole is 1.5 times the original radius). How does the blood flow rate through the arteriole change after dilation? (Hint: You do not need to know the exact values for viscosity, arteriole length, or pressure gradient in order to answer this question.)arrow_forwardThe following figure models a part of blood vessel network in two different points. If blood vessel cross section at point (A) 4.5 cm2 and speed of blood at this point 40 cm/s. what is the speed of blood flow at point (B) with the cross section of 5500 cm2.arrow_forwardWhy does the total cross-sectional area in the capillary system lower the resistance to flow?arrow_forward
- Hydrostatic pressure inside the capillary = 34 mmHgColloid osmotic pressure of the blood plasma = 27 mmHgHydrostatic pressure in the interstitial fluid = 2 mmHgColloid osmotic pressure in the interstitial fluid = 4 mmHgWhat is the total pressure favoring filtration?What is the total pressure favoring absorption?What is the net effect of these forces on fluid movement across the wall of the capillary?arrow_forwardAccording to Poiseuille's Law, vasodilation is associated with increased blood flow. Knowing that capillaries cannot change diameter but arterioles can, how do your observations support this?arrow_forwardWhat four variables determine the net filtration pressure across the capillary wall? Give representative values for each of them at the arteriolar and venous ends of a systemic capillary.arrow_forward
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