Principles of Biology
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9781259875120
Author: Robert Brooker, Eric P. Widmaier Dr., Linda Graham Dr. Ph.D., Peter Stiling Dr. Ph.D.
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Concept explainers
Question
Chapter 40.4, Problem 1TYK
Summary Introduction
Introduction:
When the body’s immune system responds to a foreign substance that is not harmful, it is termed as an allergy. The foreign bodies are called allergens which could be pollen, foods, or dust.
Expert Solution & Answer
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solutionStudents have asked these similar questions
Which of the following is NOT an example of non-specific (innate) resistance mechanisms interacting directly with specific acquired immunity mechanisms?
what option below is the answer?
Antibodies binding to bacterial surface antigens, coating (opsonizing) the bacteria and enhancing their phagocytosis by leukocytes
Macrophages and dendritic cells presenting antigens to lymphocytes
None of the other four answers (All are examples of interaction between innate and acquired resistance)
Antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity
Complement being activated by antigen-antibody binding
Generally, polysaccharides are not good antigens, because B cells that recognize them cannot
get T-cell help. But for some pathogens, such as Streptococcus pneumoniae opsonization by
antibodies that bind the thick polysaccharide "capsule" layer surrounding the bacteria is the
major mechanism of clearing the infection. As expected, a pure polysaccharide vaccine is not
terribly effective, but much better immunity is achieved by vaccinating with a polysaccharide
covalently linked "conjugated" to an unrelated protein. Explain how this conjugate vaccine
allows B cells capable of making anti-polysaccharide antibodies.
All of the following are true of antigen-presenting cells (APCs) EXCEPT:
which option below is the answer?
None of the other four answers (All are true statements about APCs)
They can interact directly with lymphocytes
They include macrophages and dendritic cells
APCs by themselves cannot distinguish between different microbial antigens, remember them later, or respond specifically to them
They are non-specific cells and they play no role in activating or triggering specific immune responses
Chapter 40 Solutions
Principles of Biology
Ch. 40.1 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 40.1 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 40.2 - Prob. 1BCCh. 40.2 - Inflammation is often associated with swelling of...Ch. 40.2 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 40.2 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 40.3 - Prob. 1CCCh. 40.3 - Prob. 2CCCh. 40.3 - Prob. 3CCCh. 40.3 - Prob. 4CC
Ch. 40.3 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 40.3 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 40.4 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 40.4 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 40 - Prob. 1TYCh. 40 - Prob. 2TYCh. 40 - Prob. 3TYCh. 40 - Prob. 4TYCh. 40 - Prob. 5TYCh. 40 - Prob. 6TYCh. 40 - Prob. 7TYCh. 40 - Prob. 8TYCh. 40 - Prob. 9TYCh. 40 - Prob. 10TYCh. 40 - Prob. 1CCQCh. 40 - Prob. 2CCQCh. 40 - Prob. 3CCQCh. 40 - Prob. 1CBQCh. 40 - Prob. 2CBQ
Knowledge Booster
Learn more about
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- What is the difference between an allergy and an autoimmune response?arrow_forwardWhat beneficial role do fevers play in immunity? The height of a fever has nothing to do with the severity of the disease. True False What causes most fevers? What are some of the symptoms that may indicate a need to be concerned about a fever? What role can antibiotics & vaccinations play in relation to a fever? What did a study with lizards suggest about using aspirin to treat a fever? What role can a chiropractor play in treating fevers? Do you believe that chiropractic could be a successful treatment for natural ailments such as fever, stress, & headaches? Yes No Sometimes Explain your choice above:arrow_forwardWhat scenario best describes an autoimmune reaction? Group of answer choices The destruction of donated red blood cells by the recipient’s immune system The production of antibodies against Streptococcus pyogenes antigen resulting in cross-reaction against an antigen found on heart valves The activation of Mast cells by pollen The production of antibodies against Streptococcus pyogenes resulting in the deposit of antigen-antibodies in the kidney leading to glomerulonephritisarrow_forward
- With the aid of diagrams, discuss the role of autoantibodies in three named autoimmune diseases, then discuss how four named monoclonal antibody therapies (biologics) have been used to treat patients with autoimmunity in 2000 words.arrow_forwardMany cells in the human body have proteins on the surface that are able to interact with the receptors of helper T cells. Explain the mechanisms and why it is that such an interaction or signal does not usually result in an autoimmune reaction?arrow_forwardThe figure below shows the primary and secondary immune responses to an antigen. Which of the following is NOT shown or implied by this figure? Antibody titer in serum (arbitrary units) - 1st Ag Exposure IgM IgG 14 Time (days) - 2nd Ag Exposure 21 58 65 None of the other four answers (All are shown or implied by the figure) IgG is the predominant class of antibody produced after second exposure to the Ag The second exposure to an Ag results in higher IgG levels than the first exposure IgM is the first class of antibody produced after first exposure to the Ag Memory B cells produced upon the first exposure to an Ag can react quickly to subsequent exposures to the same Ag 72arrow_forward
- Which of the following statements is NOT correct? Group of answer choices -Natural killer cells are cytolytic lymphocytes that mediate ADCC -Neutrophils carry out phagocytosis of C3b-tagged particles -Macrophages carry out phagocytosis of C3b-tagged particles -Mast cells produce granules containing the cytotoxin perforin -B lymphocytes express a receptor for complement proteinsarrow_forwardWhat are the attributes of immunoglobulins produced by multiple myeloma. Do they help the immune system? Do they cause problems?arrow_forwardMatch the types of immunity written on the table with the descriptions below. Write the number corresponding to the type. 1. Innate 3. Natural-active 5. Natural- passive 7. Antibody-mediated 2. Acquired Adaptive 4. Artificial-active 6. Artificial-passive 8. Cell-mediated 1. The body is producing antibodies as a result of bacterial infection. 2. An adaptive immune response involving T lymphocytes. 3. It occurs when we receive vaccines of attenuated antigens. 4. This immunity is highly specific to the pathogen; has a memory. 5. This involves the B lymphocytes that give rise to antibodies. 6. This is a generalized defense against all foreign invaders. 7. It happens when a person receives infusion of gamma globulins. 8. It is passed on from the mother onto a fetus through placenta.arrow_forward
- Match the hypersensitivity to the description. Туре 1 [ Choose| [ Choose] Memory T helper cells release cytokines that recruit and activate macrophages. Antibodies bound to antigens that cause mast cell and PMN degranulation. Туре 2 against cell surface antigens, such as in blood transfusions. IgE mediated and can manifest as eczema or asthma. Туpe 3 [ Choose ] Туpe 4 [ Choose ]arrow_forwardThe immune system involves both the humoral and cell-mediated branches. It is known that T cells can perform a range of different functions once selected by antigen encounter, including secretion of soluble compounds to aid other white blood cells, such as B lymphocytes. If T cells can aid the function of B lymohocytes, then is it incorrect to say that both branches of the immune system (humoral and cell-mediated) involves B cells? I ask this question because I commonly hear that humoral immunity involves B cells rather than both branches.arrow_forwardIn the table below, identify the type of acquired immunity represented in each of the cases described. Use the information in the figure below to answer this question. Case A 3 C D Case Someone has recovered from an infection with measles virus and is now immune to the virus. Someone is vaccinated against poliovirus A newborn is immune to a disease that his mother had recovered from earlier. A patient is injected with immune serum to protect her against hepatitis B virus. Naturally acquired Adaptive immunity Type of Acquired Immunity Artificially acquiredarrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
- Human Physiology: From Cells to Systems (MindTap ...BiologyISBN:9781285866932Author:Lauralee SherwoodPublisher:Cengage LearningHuman Heredity: Principles and Issues (MindTap Co...BiologyISBN:9781305251052Author:Michael CummingsPublisher:Cengage LearningHuman Biology (MindTap Course List)BiologyISBN:9781305112100Author:Cecie Starr, Beverly McMillanPublisher:Cengage Learning
Human Physiology: From Cells to Systems (MindTap ...
Biology
ISBN:9781285866932
Author:Lauralee Sherwood
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Human Heredity: Principles and Issues (MindTap Co...
Biology
ISBN:9781305251052
Author:Michael Cummings
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Human Biology (MindTap Course List)
Biology
ISBN:9781305112100
Author:Cecie Starr, Beverly McMillan
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Immune System Diseases and Disorders; Author: Heather Davis;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3lIkxNv7MVI;License: Standard youtube license