Physics for Scientists and Engineers with Modern Physics, Technology Update
9th Edition
ISBN: 9781305401969
Author: SERWAY, Raymond A.; Jewett, John W.
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 40, Problem 59P
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Prove that the electron confined in an atomic nucleus would move with relativistic speed and a proton would move with non-relativistic speed in the same nucleus using uncertainty principle.
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Use the uncertainty principle to show that if an electron were confined inside an atomic nucleus of diameter
2 x 10-15 m, it would have to be moving relativistically, whereas a proton confined to the same nucleus can
be moving nonrelativistically.
Use the uncertainty principle to show that if an electron were confined inside an atomic nucleus of diameter on the order of 10-14 m, it would have to be moving relativistically, whereas a proton confined to the same nucleus can be moving nonrelativistically.
(a) The lifetime of a highly unstable nucleus is 10−20 s . What is the smallest uncertainty in its decay energy? (b) Compare this with the rest energy of an electron.
Chapter 40 Solutions
Physics for Scientists and Engineers with Modern Physics, Technology Update
Ch. 40.1 - Prob. 40.1QQCh. 40.2 - Prob. 40.2QQCh. 40.2 - Prob. 40.3QQCh. 40.2 - Prob. 40.4QQCh. 40.3 - Prob. 40.5QQCh. 40.5 - Prob. 40.6QQCh. 40.6 - Prob. 40.7QQCh. 40 - Prob. 1OQCh. 40 - Prob. 2OQCh. 40 - Prob. 3OQ
Ch. 40 - Prob. 4OQCh. 40 - Prob. 5OQCh. 40 - Prob. 6OQCh. 40 - Prob. 7OQCh. 40 - Prob. 8OQCh. 40 - Prob. 9OQCh. 40 - Prob. 10OQCh. 40 - Prob. 11OQCh. 40 - Prob. 12OQCh. 40 - Prob. 13OQCh. 40 - Prob. 14OQCh. 40 - Prob. 1CQCh. 40 - Prob. 2CQCh. 40 - Prob. 3CQCh. 40 - Prob. 4CQCh. 40 - Prob. 5CQCh. 40 - Prob. 6CQCh. 40 - Prob. 7CQCh. 40 - Prob. 8CQCh. 40 - Prob. 9CQCh. 40 - Prob. 10CQCh. 40 - Prob. 11CQCh. 40 - Prob. 12CQCh. 40 - Prob. 13CQCh. 40 - Prob. 14CQCh. 40 - Prob. 15CQCh. 40 - Prob. 16CQCh. 40 - Prob. 17CQCh. 40 - The temperature of an electric heating element is...Ch. 40 - Prob. 2PCh. 40 - Prob. 3PCh. 40 - Prob. 4PCh. 40 - Prob. 5PCh. 40 - Prob. 6PCh. 40 - Prob. 7PCh. 40 - Prob. 8PCh. 40 - Prob. 9PCh. 40 - Prob. 10PCh. 40 - Prob. 11PCh. 40 - Prob. 12PCh. 40 - Prob. 14PCh. 40 - Prob. 15PCh. 40 - Prob. 16PCh. 40 - Prob. 17PCh. 40 - Prob. 18PCh. 40 - Prob. 19PCh. 40 - Prob. 20PCh. 40 - Prob. 21PCh. 40 - Prob. 22PCh. 40 - Prob. 23PCh. 40 - Prob. 25PCh. 40 - Prob. 26PCh. 40 - Prob. 27PCh. 40 - Prob. 28PCh. 40 - Prob. 29PCh. 40 - Prob. 30PCh. 40 - Prob. 31PCh. 40 - Prob. 32PCh. 40 - Prob. 33PCh. 40 - Prob. 34PCh. 40 - Prob. 36PCh. 40 - Prob. 37PCh. 40 - Prob. 38PCh. 40 - Prob. 39PCh. 40 - Prob. 40PCh. 40 - Prob. 41PCh. 40 - Prob. 42PCh. 40 - Prob. 43PCh. 40 - Prob. 45PCh. 40 - Prob. 46PCh. 40 - Prob. 47PCh. 40 - Prob. 48PCh. 40 - Prob. 49PCh. 40 - Prob. 50PCh. 40 - Prob. 51PCh. 40 - Prob. 52PCh. 40 - Prob. 53PCh. 40 - Prob. 54PCh. 40 - Prob. 55PCh. 40 - Prob. 56PCh. 40 - Prob. 57PCh. 40 - Prob. 58PCh. 40 - Prob. 59PCh. 40 - Prob. 60APCh. 40 - Prob. 61APCh. 40 - Prob. 62APCh. 40 - Prob. 63APCh. 40 - Prob. 64APCh. 40 - Prob. 65APCh. 40 - Prob. 66APCh. 40 - Prob. 67APCh. 40 - Prob. 68APCh. 40 - Prob. 69APCh. 40 - Prob. 70APCh. 40 - Prob. 71APCh. 40 - Prob. 72CPCh. 40 - Prob. 73CPCh. 40 - Prob. 74CPCh. 40 - Prob. 75CPCh. 40 - Prob. 76CP
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- Show that p=h and Ef=hf are consistent with the relativistic formula E2=p2c2+m02c2 .arrow_forwardIf the uncertainty in the y -component of a proton's position is 2.0 pm, find the minimum uncertainty in the simultaneous measurement of the proton's y -component of velocity. What is the minimum uncertainty in the simultaneous measurement of the proton's x -component of velocity?arrow_forwardA nucleus emits a gamma ray of energy 1.2 MeV from a state that has a lifetime of 2.1 ns. What is the uncertainty in the energy of the gamma ray? The best gamma-ray detectors can measure gamma-ray energies to a precision of no better than a few eV. Will this uncertainty be directly measurable?arrow_forward
- (a) The lifetime of a highly unstable nucleus is 10-12 s. What is the smallest uncertainty (in ev) in its decay energy? ev (b) What is the ratio of this energy, AE, to the rest energy of an electron, Erest? ΔΕ Erestarrow_forwardOne proton is accelerated through a potential difference of 106 volts and another is accelerated through a potential energy of 1010 volts. For each proton, find the total energy, the momentum (actually find pc in MeV), and the wavelength.arrow_forwardA proton is confined in a uranium nucleus of diameter 7.2 x 10-15 m. Use the energy-level calculation of a one-dimensional box that has length equal to the nuclear diameter to calculate the proton's minimum kinetic energy. What is the proton's minimum kinetic energy according to the uncertainty principle?arrow_forward
- A π0 meson is an unstable particle produced in high-energy particle collisions. Its rest energy is approximately 135 MeV, and it exists for a lifetime of only 8.70 × 10-17 s before decaying into two gamma rays. Using the uncertainty principle, estimate the fractional uncertainty Δm/m in its mass determination.arrow_forwardIn Davisson and Germer experiment, it was noted that the energy of an electron increases while entering a crystal, reducing its de-Broglie wavelength. Consider a 54 eV electron beam that is aimed at a nickel target. An electron that reaches the target increases its potential energy by 26 eV. What will be the speed and de-Broglic wavelength of clectron inside the nickel target? (b)arrow_forwardI need the answer as soon as possiblearrow_forward
- If the speed of a proton is measured to be 2.9 × 105 m/s with a precision of 0.70% then what is the maximum precision with which its position could be measured, Ax? How does this uncertainty compare to the size of the proton?arrow_forwardIn Millikan's oil-drop experiment, one looks at a small oil drop held motionless between two plates. Take the voltage between the plates to be 2241 V and the plate separation to be 2 cm. The oil drop (of density 0.81 g/cm3) has a diameter of 4.0 ×10-6 m. Find the charge on the drop, in terms of electron units.arrow_forwardIt is possible for some fundamental particles to temporarily "violate" conservation of energy in a way consistent with the uncertainty principle by creating and quickly reabsorbing another particle. For example, a proton can emit a 7+ particle according to p→n++, where the n represents a neutron. The 7+ has a mass of 140 MeV/c². The reabsorption must occur within a time At consistent with the uncertainty principle. (a) Considering the example shown, by how much energy AE is energy conservation tem- porarily violated? (b) For how long At can the 7+ exist? (c) Assuming that the 7+ is moving at approximately speed of light, how far from the nucleus could it get in the time At? This is the approximate range of the strong nuclear force. (d) Assuming that as soon as one pion is reabsorbed another is emitted, how many pions would be recorded by a "nucleon camera" with a shutter speed of 1 us?arrow_forward
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