Stars and Galaxies (MindTap Course List)
10th Edition
ISBN: 9781337399944
Author: Michael A. Seeds
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 4, Problem 8RQ
To determine
Is the sphere of Eudoxus is a scientific model.
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The mass of Jupiter is 1/1047 of the Sun's mass (that's 0.000955). We want to confirm this using Newton's version of Kepler's Third Law, following the examples in Lecture 7. We'll use the approximate data for two different moons of Jupiter to see how close the results are. Pick the closest answer in each case:
(a) Ganymede is the third moon from the inside. It has an orbital period around Jupiter of approximately 0.0194 Earth years. Its semimajor axis is 0.0071 AU. Which of these comes closest to the mass of Jupiter (in solar masses) when using these data?
(b) Europa is the second moon from the inside. It has an orbital period around Jupiter of approximately 0.0096 Earth years. Its semimajor axis is 0.0045 AU. Which of these comes closest to the mass of Jupiter (in solar masses) when using these data?
(to two decimal places): (what is ‘h’?)
Eccentricity of earth orbit is 0.0167
µ(sun) = 1.32712E+11 km^3/s^
semimajor axis of Earth orbit = 1.49598E+08
need to figure out what ‘h’ is.
a) Calculate the speed of the earth around the sun at aphelion? (29.29 KM/S)
b) At perihelion? (30.29 KM/S)
Explain the tidal hypothesis.
Chapter 4 Solutions
Stars and Galaxies (MindTap Course List)
Ch. 4 - Prob. 1RQCh. 4 - Prob. 2RQCh. 4 - Prob. 3RQCh. 4 - Prob. 4RQCh. 4 - Prob. 5RQCh. 4 - Prob. 6RQCh. 4 - Which two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional...Ch. 4 - Prob. 8RQCh. 4 - Prob. 9RQCh. 4 - Prob. 10RQ
Ch. 4 - Prob. 11RQCh. 4 - Prob. 12RQCh. 4 - Prob. 13RQCh. 4 - Prob. 14RQCh. 4 - Assume the night is clear and the Moons phase is...Ch. 4 - Prob. 16RQCh. 4 - Prob. 17RQCh. 4 - Prob. 18RQCh. 4 - Prob. 19RQCh. 4 - Prob. 20RQCh. 4 - Prob. 21RQCh. 4 - Prob. 22RQCh. 4 - How did the Alfonsine Tables, the Prutenic Tables,...Ch. 4 - Prob. 24RQCh. 4 - Prob. 25RQCh. 4 - Prob. 26RQCh. 4 - Prob. 27RQCh. 4 - Draw and label a diagram of the western horizon...Ch. 4 - Prob. 2PCh. 4 - Prob. 3PCh. 4 - Prob. 4PCh. 4 - Prob. 5PCh. 4 - Prob. 6PCh. 4 - Prob. 7PCh. 4 - One planet is three times farther from the Sun...Ch. 4 - Prob. 9PCh. 4 - Prob. 10PCh. 4 - Prob. 11PCh. 4 - Prob. 1SPCh. 4 - Prob. 2SPCh. 4 - Prob. 1LLCh. 4 - Prob. 2LLCh. 4 - What three astronomical objects are represented...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4LL
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- The value we have just calculated is the combined masses of Jupiter and Callisto! Their mass is in units of the Sun's Mass (MS) - we can convert this to units which are more familiar to us like kilograms by multiplying this answer by the scale factor (1.99x1030 kg/1 MS): (MJupiter + MCallisto) = ( MS) (1.99x1030 kg/1 Solar Mass) = _______x_10___ kg (I have already written the x 10 so you are reminded to write the exponenet of 10 in the scientific notation expression of your answer). Since you know from looking at pictures of Jupiter with its Galilean Satellites (look in your book at a picture if you have not already), that Callisto is much smaller than Jupiter - in fact it is less than 0.001 of Jupiter's size or mass, so the number we have just calculated for (MJupiter + MCallisto) is almost the same as MJupiter . How much more massive is Jupiter than the Earth? (The mass of Earth is about 5.98 x 1024 kg)arrow_forwardThe planet Saturn has a mass of 5.68×10^26 kg and a radius of 58,200 km. Janus, a moon of Saturn, has a mass of 1.9×10^18 kg and it orbits Saturn a distance of 151,400 km from the center of Saturn. - How many hours does it take for Janus to orbit Saturn?arrow_forwardIf the semi-major axis, a, is measured in AU and the orbital period, p, is measured in years, then Kepler's 3rd law allows us to calculate the mass of the object they are orbiting using the following equation: M = a3/p2 Furthermore, the mass that is calculated by this equation is given in solar masses (MSun) where, by definition, the Sun's mass is 1 MSun. Now, suppose I were to tell you that the mass of Jupiter is equal to 4.5e7 MSun. Does the stated mass of Jupiter make sense? it is to big or to small or makes sensearrow_forward
- If the semi-major axis, a, is measured in AU and the orbital period, p, is measured in years, then Kepler's 3rd law allows us to calculate the mass of the object they are orbiting using the following equation: M = a3/p2 Furthermore, the mass that is calculated by this equation is given in solar masses (MSun) where, by definition, the Sun's mass is 1 MSun. Now, suppose I were to tell you that the mass of Jupiter is equal to 4.5e7 MSun. Does the stated mass of Jupiter make sense? Group of answer choices - Yes - No, it's too big. - No, it's too smallarrow_forwardplease use 180 Ibs Answers: a) Your Weight (Planet 1) Lbf Specific Weight of Water Lbf/Ft^3 b) Your Weight (Planet 2) Lbf Specific Weight of Water Lbf/Ft^3 c) Your Welght (Planet 3) Lbf Specific Weight of Water Lbf/Ft^3 What is your own body weight (Lbf) on the following (3) planets and what is the specific weight of water on the (3) planets? PLANET 1: An object falls from rest for a time of 2.50 sec with a striking velocity of 84.1 ft/sec. PLANET 2: An object falls from rest for a time of 5.63 sec with a striking velocity of 25.8 ft/sec. PLANET 3: An object falls from rest for a time of 1.46 sec with a striking velocity of 135.3 ft/sec.arrow_forwardHow Do We Know? Why is it important that a theory make testable predictions?arrow_forward
- Why was the nebular hypothesis never fully accepted by astronomers of the day?arrow_forwardUse Kuiper Belt Object Haumea's eccentricity; e = 0.189, semimajor axis, a = 43.3 AU, and Period, P = 285 yrs, values to a) calculate its perihelion and aphelion distances with Dp = a (1 e) and D₂ = a (1 + e), b) verify if Haumea's a and P satisfy Kepler's third law for all objects orbiting the Sun: p2 = a³. Show your work. Paragraph Lato (Recom... a) Dp= Da= V b) p2= BI 19px... v U A L EQ 58° ...arrow_forwardSaturn's mass is M= 5.69 x 1026 kg and its radius R=60,300 km. If a moon orbits Saturn at a distance equal to 5 times its planetary radius, what is its period of orbit? (Hint, use Newton's version of Kepler's 3rd law, and you can neglect the mass of the moon) Express your answer in days to three significant figures.arrow_forward
- SnowT is an exoplanet orbiting star 27 Kood. If the planet’s orbital period is 3.75 days and 27 Kood's constant is 2.9X10^-19 s^2/m^3, what is SnowT orbital radius?arrow_forwardSaturn's moon Titan is observed to orbit with a period = 15.945 days and at a distance = 1,221,870 km from Saturn. Assuming Titan has a much smaller mass than Saturn, estimate the mass of Saturn and express your answer in units of the Earth's mass (Earth's mass = 5.97 x 1024 kg). Choose the option below that most closely matches your answer. Select one: О а. 200 O b. 15 Ос. 95 O d. 1000 О е. 50arrow_forwardIn 2004, astronomers reported the discovery of a large Jupiter-sized planet orbiting very close to the star HD179949. The orbit was just 6.4x106 km (about 9 less than the orbit of Mercury) and the planet takes 3.1 days to make one circular orbit. The mass of the star is Answerx_______1030 kg. (Give the number before the exponent.)arrow_forward
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