Biology: Concepts and Investigations
5th Edition
ISBN: 9781260259049
Author: Hoefnagels
Publisher: MCG
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Chapter 4, Problem 6WIO
Use what you know about enzymes to propose an explanation for why our bodies cannot digest the cellulose in dietary fiber. Also, why would a cell’s fat-digesting enzymes not be able to digest an artificial fat such as Olestra (see chapter 2)?
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Chapter 4 Solutions
Biology: Concepts and Investigations
Ch. 4.1 - What are some examples of the work of a cell?Ch. 4.1 - Prob. 2MCCh. 4.1 - Prob. 3MCCh. 4.1 - Prob. 4MCCh. 4.2 - What is metabolism on a cellular level?Ch. 4.2 - Prob. 2MCCh. 4.2 - Prob. 3MCCh. 4.3 - What are the main parts of an ATP molecule?Ch. 4.3 - Prob. 2MCCh. 4.3 - Describe the relationships among endergonic...
Ch. 4.4 - Prob. 1MCCh. 4.4 - Prob. 2MCCh. 4.4 - Prob. 3MCCh. 4.4 - Prob. 4MCCh. 4.4 - List three conditions that influence enzyme...Ch. 4.5 - What is diffusion?Ch. 4.5 - What types of substances diffuse freely across a...Ch. 4.5 - Prob. 3MCCh. 4.5 - Prob. 4MCCh. 4.5 - Prob. 5MCCh. 4.5 - Prob. 6MCCh. 4.6 - How does a knifefish adjust its electric field?Ch. 4.6 - Prob. 2MCCh. 4 - Prob. 1MCQCh. 4 - Building proteins _____ energy; ATP hydrolysis...Ch. 4 - How does an enzyme affect the energy of a...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4MCQCh. 4 - Prob. 5MCQCh. 4 - Some people claim that lifes high degree of...Ch. 4 - List some examples of endergonic and exergonic...Ch. 4 - Why do electron transport chains release energy?Ch. 4 - Provide an example of an appliance that uses...Ch. 4 - Name at least four ways that a cell uses ATP.Ch. 4 - Use what you know about enzymes to propose an...Ch. 4 - Prob. 7WIOCh. 4 - Prob. 8WIOCh. 4 - Prob. 9WIOCh. 4 - Liver cells are packed with glucose. If the...Ch. 4 - Prob. 1PITCh. 4 - Prob. 2PITCh. 4 - Prob. 3PIT
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- Suppose that the cells in a person's digestive system do not make lactase. What do you think would happen to the lactose molecules in the milk that person drinks?arrow_forwardThe cellulase enzyme breaks cellulose apart into glucose molecules during the digestion process of certain organisms. Describe how cellulase speeds up the breakdown of cellulose into glucose. Use the words enzyme, induced fit, substrate, product, and activation energy.arrow_forwardDescribe how cells obtain their energy to do work via ATP. Start with the carbohydrates eaten in a meal and has 3 major steps. For each step write where the step occurs, what molecules go in to each step, what molecules come out of each step, and if each step is areobic or anaerobic?arrow_forward
- Use the figure below to answer the corresponding question(s). CH-CH H. 0. HOCH, 0. H HO'CH, (0. H. H. HO Enzyme H. HO H. HO H. CH,OH HO CH-CH OH H. Sucrose C,H,,O Glucose Fructose The process illustrated in this figure is called: O condensation. O protein synthesis. O hydrolysis. O dehydration synthesis. O denaturation.arrow_forwardAs you learned in class, many enzymes can catalyze the forward and reverse directions of a chemical reaction. If Lactaid was mixed with a solution that is very high in glucose and galactose, do you think Lactaid can catalyze the production of lactose? Please explain your answer in detail, and this question will require some additional research of your own.arrow_forwardA certain molecule will not dissolve in water and has a structure consisting of glycerol covalently bound to three fatty acid tails. What is the function of this molecule? A:Genetic information storage B:Cell communication C:Catalysis of chemical reactions D:Energy storagearrow_forward
- Carbonhydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins and minerals are considered nutrients. Which nutrient requires the least amount of ATP 'Investment' for hydrolysis, yet , yields a maximum amount of ATP? a. proteins since the cell spend most of its time making proteins b. fats through a process known as Beta-Oxidation c. carbohydrates,particularly under aerobic conditions d.vitamins(as coenzymes) e.mineralsarrow_forwardWhich of the following statements is a lie? Select one: a.Energy is released when the terminal phosphate group is removed, known as dephosphorylation, whereas energy is needed when a phosphate group is added, also known as phosphorylation. b.A living organism has an unlimited supply of energy. c.Energy mediated by ATP comes from the metabolism of different isomers of C6H12O6 (sugar), such as glucose, fructose, and galactose. Which of the following statements is a lie? Select one: a.The transfer of energy in living systems use electrons to allow the cell to transfer energy in large amounts. b.Electrons play an important role in redox reactions. This is true because it is the electrons that undergo the redox reactions in living systems. c.For nicotinamide adenine (NAD), its oxidized form is NAD+ while its reduced form is NADH. This is true because NAD+ can accept electrons from an organic molecule.arrow_forwardIn fatty acid biosynthesis, where does the addition of unsaturation to the hydrocarbon tall occurs? A. cytosol B. ribosome C. Golgi apparatus D. endoplasmic reticulumarrow_forward
- Talk about a antibiotic that inhibits bacteria by inhibiting protein synthesis. Explain how these antibiotics interact with the protein synthesis machinery; what part of the protein synthesis machinery do they bind, and do all of these antibiotics bind to the same part of the machinery? How does this work to stop protein synthesis? Explain how it halts protein synthesis. Are these antibiotics bacteriostatic or bactericidal. Why and what does that mean for therapy?arrow_forwardConsider a triglyceride molecule (dietary fat) and it’s components. If a cell uses a triglyceride molecule as an energy source, at which processes (stages) of cell respiration do the components enter cell respiration? 3.Which phosphate bond in ATP is broken or made to release or contain energy? 4.Cellular respiration in eukaryotic cells is aerobic. Briefly define the term aerobic. 5.Consider question #4above. Briefly describethe role or function of oxygen in cellular respiration? 6.At which stage is the greatest amount of carbon dioxide released? 7.What is the function of the molecule NADHand FADH2? 8.What is the role of protons (hydrogen ions)in the electron transport chain. 9.Briefly describe the function of ATP synthase. 10.Briefly describe the mechanism of action for the poison cyanide.arrow_forwardWhy are cattle able to survive, grow, and reproduce on a plant diet which does not contain most of the essential amino acids required for their health? Select one: a. Their saliva has cellulase and can therefore digest cellulose present in plant cell walls b. Like rabbits, cattle can re-ingest their feces c. Bacteria in their rumen synthesize essential amino acids from digested plant material d. They are unique in that they can synthesize all essential amino acids in their liver from a variety of metabolic precursors e. They are autotrophsarrow_forward
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