The Cosmic Perspective Fundamentals (2nd Edition)
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9780133889567
Author: Jeffrey O. Bennett, Megan O. Donahue, Nicholas Schneider, Mark Voit
Publisher: PEARSON
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Textbook Question
Chapter 4, Problem 4QQ
Choose the best answer to each of the following. Explain your reasoning.
How many of the planets orbit the Sun in the same direction as Earth does? (a) a few. (b) most (c) all
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Let's use Kepler's laws for the inner planets. Use the following distances from the sun to calculate the orbital period for each of these planets. Express your answer in terms of Earth years to two significant figures. Answer for the highlighted planet in each question.
Note: Use Kepler's law directly. Don't just Google the answers, as they will be a little bit different.
When you have calculated them, only submit the value for Earth.
Planet
Distance from the sun
Period of orbit around the sun
Earth
150 million km
___ Earth years
Mercury
58 million km
___ Earth years
Venus
108 million km
___ Earth years
Mars
228 million km
___ Earth years
Problem 2. Planetary Body Composition: Density (Links to an external site.) of the Earth (Palen, et. al., 1st Edition, Chapter 6, problem 70)
Earth’s mean (Links to an external site.) radius is 6,378 km and its mass is 5.97 x 1024 kg.
CALCULATE Earth’s average (Links to an external site.) density. SHOW YOUR WORK. DO NOT LOOK UP THIS VALUE!
The average density of Earth’s crust is 2,600 kg/m3. What does this tell you about Earth’s interior?
The table below presents the semi-major axis (a) and Actual orbital period for all of the major planets in the solar system. Cube for each planet the semi-major axis in Astronomical Units. Then take the square root of this number to get the Calculated orbital period of each planet. Fill in the final row of data for each planet.
Table of Data for Kepler’s Third Law:
Table of Data for Kepler’s Third Law:
Planet aau = Semi-Major Axis (AU) Actual Planet Calculated Planet
Period (Yr) Period (Yr)
__________ ______________________ ___________ ________________
Mercury 0.39 0.24
Venus 0.72 0.62
Earth 1.00 1.00
Mars 1.52 1.88
Jupiter…
Chapter 4 Solutions
The Cosmic Perspective Fundamentals (2nd Edition)
Ch. 4 - Prob. 1QQCh. 4 - Choose the best answer to each of the following....Ch. 4 - Choose the best answer to each of the following....Ch. 4 - Choose the best answer to each of the following....Ch. 4 - Choose the best answer to each of the following....Ch. 4 - Choose the best answer to each of the following....Ch. 4 - Choose the best answer to each of the following....Ch. 4 - Choose the best answer to each of the following....Ch. 4 - Choose the best answer to each of the following....Ch. 4 - Prob. 10QQ
Ch. 4 - Choose the best answer to each of the following....Ch. 4 - Choose the best answer to each of the following....Ch. 4 - Prob. 13SEQCh. 4 - Explain all answers clearly, with complete...Ch. 4 - Solar System Trends. Use Table 4.1 to answer each...Ch. 4 - Explain all answers clearly, with complete...Ch. 4 - Prob. 17SEQCh. 4 - Explain all answers clearly, with complete...Ch. 4 - Prob. 19SEQCh. 4 - Explain all answers clearly, with complete...Ch. 4 - Prob. 21SEQCh. 4 - Explain all answers clearly, with complete...Ch. 4 - Explain all answers clearly, with complete...
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- Thinking Mathematically: Explore the quantitative dependencies of the acceleration upon the speed and the radius of curvature. Then answer the following questions. Choose the right answer in the parenthesis. 1. As the radius of the circle is doubled, the acceleration is (one-fourth, one-half, two times, four times) the original value. 2. As the radius of the circle is tripled, the acceleration is (one-third, one-ninth, three times, nine times) the original value. 3. If your pig were made to fly at the same speed but in a circular path with a smaller radius, the tension in the string would be (less, more). 4. If your pig were made to fly at the same speed but in a circular path with a smaller radius, the centripetal force on the pig would be (more, less).arrow_forwardThis is Pre-Calc! Please help and Thank you! Please click the pics for the background info Directions: Answer questions 1-8 based on the information on Table 1. Round all answers to the nearest thousandth and label with the appropriate units. 1. According to Table 1, what is the closest distance between Earth and Mars? 2. According to Table 1, what is the farthest distance between Earth and Mars? 3. Based on your answers from #2 and #3, what is the average distance between the two planets? 4. Based on your answers from #2 and #3, what is the amplitude of the distances? 5. The distance has a period of 772 days. Write a sinusoidal equation relating the number of days and distance from Earth to Mars. 6. Based on the equation from #5, what is the distance between our planets on Mr. Schutt’s birthday (day 187)? 7. Write a sinusoidal equation relating the number of days and the one-waycommunication between Earth to Mars. 8. What is the one-way communication time delay between our planets on…arrow_forwardFor problems requiring calculations, show the equation you will use to solve, your work, your answer, and correct units. E F=ma 6. A woman has a mass of 30 kg on earth (9am.-9.8m/s*). What is her weight? 7. The same 30 kg woman weighs 245 N on Ceres. What is the acceleration due to gravity on Ceres? 8. A man in the "Strong Man" competition pushes a 1500 kg vehicle with an acceleration of 3 m/s2? How much force did the man exert on the vehicle? 9. Using your answer from the previous question, what force did the vehicle exert on the man?arrow_forward
- Solve the following problems. Round off your final answers to two decimal places, if necessary. Input the values only as your final answers and then box your final answer.arrow_forwardInclude appropriate units in your final answer. Round off your final answer to two decimal places. Box your final answer. Follow the given formulas 10. The particle is at rest but decided to move in a circle of radius 0.0023 km. The speed of a particle is v = 1.2 m/s². The resultant acceleration of the particle at t = 0.5 minutes. (a) What is the magnitude of its radial acceleration? (b) What is the magnitude of its tangential acceleration? (c) What is the total acceleration of the particle?arrow_forwardAs discussed in class, the moon is receding from the Earth due to tides at a rate of ~4 cm/year. Let’s assume that rate has been constant throughout time (it wasn’t, but we can use it to illustrate some key points). Its current semi-major axis is 384,400 km.a) If the moon formed 4.5 billion years ago and has been receding from the Earth ever since, what was its original semi-major axis? What was its original orbital period?b) What would the apparent size of the Moon have been in the sky as viewed from Earth? That is, in Hmwk 2, you were told the diameter of the Moon spans about 0.5o when viewed from Earth today. What would it have been when the Moon first formed? Reletive Numbers Relevant Numbers1 AU = 150,000,000 km = 1.5x108 kmEccentricity of Earth’s Orbit: 0.0167Radius of Earth: 6371 kmMass of Earth: 5.96x1024 kgRadius of the Moon: 1737 kmMass of Moon: 7.34x1022 kgRadius of Mars: 3390 kmMass of Mars: 6.4x1023 kgRadius of the Sun: R⦿=696,300 kmMass of the Sun: M⦿=2x1030…arrow_forward
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