Elements Of Physical Chemistry
Elements Of Physical Chemistry
7th Edition
ISBN: 9780198727873
Author: ATKINS, P. W. (peter William), De Paula, Julio
Publisher: Oxford University Press
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Chapter 4, Problem 4D.12E
Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The composition of the liquid mixture that boils at 25oC when the pressure is 0.50 atm has to be determined and the composition of the vapour produced should be identified.

Concept introduction:

According to the Dalton’s law of partial pressure, the total pressure of a mixture of non-reacting gases in a system is the sum if their partial pressure.

P=PA+PB+PC+.......+Pn=xAPAo+(1xA)PBoxA=PPBoPAoPBoPAoandPBo:vapourpressureofaAandBiftheywereinpurestate.xA:MolefractionofA

The composition of vapour pressure can be determined using the equation,

XA=xAPAoPBo+(PAoPBo)xAPAoandPBo:vapourpressureofaAandBiftheywereinpurestate.xA:MolefractionofAXA:VapourCompositionofA

Raoult’s law: The vapour pressure of the solvent over the solution Psolvent is proportional to the mole fraction of the solvent. The ideal solution obeys the Raoult’s law.

PsolventχsolventPsolvent,where,Psolventisthevapor pressure of the solvent over the solution,χsolventis mole fraction of solvent in solution, Psolvent is the vapor pressure of the pure solvent.

A mole fraction of a molecule in a mixture is the ratio of number of moles of particular molecule to the sum of number of moles of all molecules in the mixture. Equation for mole fraction of a molecule in a mixture of three molecules (A, B and C) is,

  moleculefractionofA,(χA=numbersof moles ofmolecule A(nA)total number of moles(nA+nB+nC

Expert Solution & Answer
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Explanation of Solution

Given,

At 90oC the vapour pressure of toluene is 53 kPa and that o-xylene is 20 kPa. The composition of the liquid mixture that boils at 25oC when the pressure is 0.50 atm can be determined as follows,

xA=PPBoPAoPBoPAoandPBo:vapourpressureofaAandBiftheywereinpurestate.xA:MolefractionofA

Substituting the known values,

xA=50.66205320=0.929

The composition of vapour pressure can be determined using the equation,

XA=xAPAoPBo+(PAoPBo)xAPAoandPBo:vapourpressureofaAandBiftheywereinpurestate.xA:MolefractionofAXA:VapourCompositionofA

Substituting the known values,

XA=0.929×5320+(5320)×0.929=0.9719XB=10.9719=0.0281

The compositions of vapour pressures of toluene and o-xylene at the given temperatures are, 0.9719 and 0.0281 respectively.

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Chapter 4 Solutions

Elements Of Physical Chemistry

Ch. 4 - Prob. 4D.1STCh. 4 - Prob. 4D.2STCh. 4 - Prob. 4D.3STCh. 4 - Prob. 4D.4STCh. 4 - Prob. 4E.1STCh. 4 - Prob. 4E.2STCh. 4 - Prob. 4F.1STCh. 4 - Prob. 4A.1ECh. 4 - Prob. 4A.2ECh. 4 - Prob. 4A.3ECh. 4 - Prob. 4A.4ECh. 4 - Prob. 4A.5ECh. 4 - Prob. 4A.6ECh. 4 - Prob. 4B.1ECh. 4 - Prob. 4B.2ECh. 4 - Prob. 4B.3ECh. 4 - Prob. 4B.4ECh. 4 - Prob. 4B.5ECh. 4 - Prob. 4B.6ECh. 4 - Prob. 4B.7ECh. 4 - Prob. 4B.8ECh. 4 - Prob. 4C.1ECh. 4 - Prob. 4C.2ECh. 4 - Prob. 4C.3ECh. 4 - Prob. 4C.4ECh. 4 - Prob. 4C.5ECh. 4 - Prob. 4C.6ECh. 4 - Prob. 4C.7ECh. 4 - Prob. 4D.1ECh. 4 - Prob. 4D.2ECh. 4 - Prob. 4D.3ECh. 4 - Prob. 4D.4ECh. 4 - Prob. 4D.5ECh. 4 - Prob. 4D.6ECh. 4 - Prob. 4D.7ECh. 4 - Prob. 4D.8ECh. 4 - Prob. 4D.9ECh. 4 - Prob. 4D.10ECh. 4 - Prob. 4D.11ECh. 4 - Prob. 4D.12ECh. 4 - Prob. 4D.13ECh. 4 - Prob. 4E.1ECh. 4 - Prob. 4E.2ECh. 4 - Prob. 4E.3ECh. 4 - Prob. 4E.4ECh. 4 - Prob. 4F.1ECh. 4 - Prob. 4F.2ECh. 4 - Prob. 4F.3ECh. 4 - Prob. 4.1DQCh. 4 - Prob. 4.2DQCh. 4 - Prob. 4.3DQCh. 4 - Prob. 4.4DQCh. 4 - Prob. 4.5DQCh. 4 - Prob. 4.6DQCh. 4 - Prob. 4.8DQCh. 4 - Prob. 4.9DQCh. 4 - Prob. 4.10DQCh. 4 - Prob. 4.11DQCh. 4 - Prob. 4.12DQCh. 4 - Prob. 4.13DQCh. 4 - Prob. 4.14DQCh. 4 - Prob. 4.15DQCh. 4 - Prob. 4.1PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.2PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.3PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.4PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.5PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.6PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.7PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.8PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.9PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.10PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.11PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.12PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.13PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.14PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.15PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.16PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.17PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.18PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.19PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.20PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.21PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.22PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.23PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.24PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.25PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.26PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.27PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.28PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.29PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.30PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.1PRCh. 4 - Prob. 4.2PRCh. 4 - Prob. 4.3PRCh. 4 - Prob. 4.4PRCh. 4 - Prob. 4.5PRCh. 4 - Prob. 4.6PR
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