Chapter 4, Problem 4.39QAP

Lead poisoning has been a hazard for centuries. Some scholars believe that the decline of the Roman Empire can be traced, in part, to high levels of lead in water from containers and pipes, and from wine that was stored in leadglazed containers. If we presume that the typical Roman water supply was saturated with lead carbonate, PbCO3 (Ksp = 7.4 1014), how much lead will a Roman ingest in a year if he or she drinks 1 L/day from the container?

According to the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA), waste material is classified as toxic and must be handled as hazardous if the lead concentration exceeds 5 mg/L. By adding chloride ion, the lead ion will precipitate as PbCl2, which can be separated from the liquid portion. Once the lead has been removed, the rest of the waste can be sent to a conventional waste treatment facility. How many grams of sodium chloride must be added to 500 L of a waste solution to reduce the concentration of the Pb2+ ion from 10 to 5 mg/L?

Calculate the molarity of AgNO3 in a solution prepared by dissolving 1.44 g AgNO3 in enough water to form 1.00 L solution.

What mass of solid AgBr is produced when 100.0 mL of 0.150 M AgNO3 is added to 20.0 mL of 1.00 M NaBr?

A sample of hard water contains about 2.0 103 M Ca2+. A soluble fluoride-containing salt such as NaF is added to fluoridate the water (to aid in the prevention of dental cavities). What is the maximum concentration of F that can be present without precipitating CaF2?

95. Many metal ions form insoluble sulfide compounds when a solution of the metal ion is treated with hydrogen sulfide gas. For example, nickel(II) precipitates nearly quantitatively as NiS when H2S gas is bubbled through a nickel ion solution. How many milliliters of gaseous H2S at STP are needed to precipitate all (he nickel ion present in 10. mL of 0.050 M NiCl2 solution?

Consider the solutions presented: (a) Which of the following sketches best represents the ions in a solution of Fe(NO3)3(aq)? (b) Write a balanced chemical equation showing the p10ducts of the dissolution of Fe(NO3)3.

An artificial fruit beverage contains 12.0 g of tartaric acid, H2C4H4O6, to achieve tartness. It is titrated with a basic solution that has a density of 1.045 g/cm3 and contains 5.00 mass percent KOH. What volume of the basic solution is required? (One mole of tartaric acid reacts with two moles of hydroxide ion.)

You will often work with salts of Fe3+, Pb2+, and Al3+ in the laboratory. (All are found in nature, and all are important economically.) If you have a solution containing these three ions, each at a concentration of 0.10 M, what is the order in which their hydroxides precipitate as aqueous NaOH is slowly added to the solution?