Elementary Principles of Chemical Processes, Binder Ready Version
Elementary Principles of Chemical Processes, Binder Ready Version
4th Edition
ISBN: 9781118431221
Author: Richard M. Felder, Ronald W. Rousseau, Lisa G. Bullard
Publisher: WILEY
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Chapter 4, Problem 4.33P

An artificial kidney is a device that removes water and waste metabolites from blood. In one such device, the hollow fiber hemodialyzer, blood flow's from an artery through the insides of a bundle

of hollow' cellulose acetate fibers, and dialyzing fluid, which consists of water and various dissolved salts, flows on the outside of the fibers. Water and waste metabolites—principally urea, creatinine, uric acid, and phosphate ions—pass through the fiber walls into the dialyzing fluid, and the purified blood is returned to a vein.

Chapter 4, Problem 4.33P, An artificial kidney is a device that removes water and waste metabolites from blood. In one such

Dialysate

At some time during a dialysis the arterial and venous blood conditions are as follows:

Arterial (entering) Blood Venous (exiting) Blood

    Flow Rate 200.0 mL/min 195.0 mL/min
    Urea (H2NCONH2) Concentration 1.90 mg/mL 1.75 mg/mL

  1. Calculate the rates at w hich urea and water are being removed from the blood.

  • If the dialyzing fluid enters at a rate of 1500 mL/min and the exiting solution (dialysate) leaves at approximately the same rate, calculate the concentration of urea in the dialysate.
  • Suppose wre want to reduce the patient's urea level from an initial value of 2.7 mg/mL to a final value of 1.1 mg/mL. If the total blood volume is 5.0 liters and the average rate of urea removal is that calculated in Part (a), how long must the patient be dialyzed? (Neglect the loss in total blood volume due to the removal of water in the dialyzer.)
  • Exploratory Exercises—Research and Discover

  • The device described in this problem is external to the body and requires that the patient travel to a dialysis center several times a week. What types of challenges would be encountered if an artificial kidney were implanted in the patient’s body?
  • Briefly describe current state-of-the-art designs for artificial kidneys.
  • Blurred answer
    03:54

    Chapter 4 Solutions

    Elementary Principles of Chemical Processes, Binder Ready Version

    Ch. 4 - In the production of soybean oil, dried and flaked...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.12PCh. 4 - A process is carried out in which a mixture...Ch. 4 - Strawberries contain about 15wt% solids and 85wt%...Ch. 4 - Two streams flow into a 500-gallon tank. The first...Ch. 4 - A fuel distributor supplies four liquid fuels,...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.17PCh. 4 - One thousand kilograms per hour of a mixture...Ch. 4 - L-Serine is an amino acid that often is provided...Ch. 4 - A 100 kmol/h stream that is 97 mole% carbon...Ch. 4 - A pharmaceutical product, P, is made in a batch...Ch. 4 - A liquid mixture containing ethanol (55.0 wt%) and...Ch. 4 - A stream of humid air containing 1.50 mole% H2O(v)...Ch. 4 - A liquid mixture contains 60.0 wt% ethanol (E),...Ch. 4 - Certain vegetables and fruits contain plant...Ch. 4 - Two aqueous sulfuric acid solutions containing...Ch. 4 - A paint mixture containing 25.0% of a pigment and...Ch. 4 - In the commercial production of sugar (sucrose),...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.29PCh. 4 - A garment to protect the wearer from toxic agents...Ch. 4 - A dilute aqueous solution of H2SO4 (Solution A) is...Ch. 4 - Gas streams containing hydrogen and nitrogen in...Ch. 4 - An artificial kidney is a device that removes...Ch. 4 - The indicator-dilution method is a technique used...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.35PCh. 4 - Gas absorption or gas scrubbing is a commonly used...Ch. 4 - The SO2 scrubbing tower described in Problem 4.36...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.38PCh. 4 - The hormone estrogen is produced in the ovaries of...Ch. 4 - A liquid mixture containing 30.0mole% benzene (B),...Ch. 4 - Seawater containing 3.50 wt% salt passes through a...Ch. 4 - Inside the column a liquid stream flows downward...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.43PCh. 4 - Effluents from metal-finishing plants have the...Ch. 4 - In an absorption tower (or absorber), a gas is...Ch. 4 - In the production of a bean oil, beans containing...Ch. 4 - Boilers are used in most chemical plants to...Ch. 4 - Following is a diagram of the shirt-cleaning...Ch. 4 - A drug (D) is produced in a three-stage extraction...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.52PCh. 4 - Ammonia is oxidized to nitric oxide in the...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.54PCh. 4 - A stream containing H2S and inert gases and a...Ch. 4 - 436. The reaction between ethylene and hydrogen...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.57PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.58PCh. 4 - Titanium dioxide (TiCb) is used extensively as a...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.60PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.61PCh. 4 - Oxygen consumed by a living organism in aerobic...Ch. 4 - A genetically engineered strain of Escherichia...Ch. 4 - The gas-phase reaction between methanol and acetic...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.65PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.66PCh. 4 - Methane and oxygen react in the presence of a...Ch. 4 - Ethane is chlorinated in a continuous reactor:...Ch. 4 - Ethanol can be produced commercially by the...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.70PCh. 4 - Solid calcium fluoride (CaF2) reacts with sulfuric...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.72PCh. 4 - Chlorobenzene (C^HsCl), an important solvent and...Ch. 4 - A catalytic reactor is used to produce...Ch. 4 - 4.7'6. Methanol is produced by reacting carbon...Ch. 4 - Methane reacts with chlorine to produce methyl...Ch. 4 - Ethylene oxide is produced by the catalytic...Ch. 4 - Methanol is synthesized from carbon monoxide and...Ch. 4 - The fresh feed to an ammonia production process...Ch. 4 - A gas contains 75.0 wt% methane. 10.0% ethane....Ch. 4 - Five liters of liquid n-hexane and 4 liters of...Ch. 4 - Gasoline, which we will represent as having the...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.87PCh. 4 - Natural gas containing a mixture of methane,...Ch. 4 - Propane is burned completely with excess oxygen....Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.91PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.92PCh. 4 - Liquid methanol is fed to a space heater at a rate...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.94PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.95PCh. 4 - A fuel oil is analyzed and found to contain 85.0...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.97PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.98PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.99PCh. 4 - 4.1 (Mt. You have been sent by the Environmental...Ch. 4 - Fuel oils contain primarily organic compounds and...

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