(a) Interpretation: Substitution of Mg 2+ for yttrium ions in Y 2 O 3 causes the point defect in Y 2 O 3 structure. Changes required in structure to maintain charge balance are to be explained. Concept Introduction: Point defect can be defined as the missing of an atom from its crystal lattice or presence at irregular place in its crystal lattice. Point defects can be of many types such as self-interstitial atoms, interstitial impurity atoms, vacancies, and substitution atoms.

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 4, Problem 4.18P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

Substitution of Mg²⁺ for yttrium ions in Y₂O₃ causes the point defect in Y₂O₃ structure. Changes required in structure to maintain charge balance are to be explained.

Concept Introduction:

Point defect can be defined as the missing of an atom from its crystal lattice or presence at irregular place in its crystal lattice. Point defects can be of many types such as self-interstitial atoms, interstitial impurity atoms, vacancies, and substitution atoms.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

Substitution of Fe³⁺ for magnesium ions in MgO causes the point defect in MgO structure. Changes required in structure to maintain charge balance is to be explained.

Concept Introduction:

Point defect can be defined as the missing of an atom from its crystal lattice or presence at irregular place in its crystal lattice. Point defects can be of many types such as self-interstitial atoms, interstitial impurity atoms, vacancies, and substitution atoms.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

Substitution of Li¹⁺ for magnesium ions in MgO causes the point defect in MgO structure. Changes required in structure to maintain charge balance is to be explained.

Concept Introduction:

Point defect can be defined as the missing of an atom from its crystal lattice or presence at irregular place in its crystal lattice. Point defects can be of many types such as self-interstitial atoms, interstitial impurity atoms, vacancies, and substitution atoms.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

Substitution of Fe²⁺ for sodium ions in NaCl causes the point defect in NaCl structure. Changes required in structure to maintain charge balance is to be explained.

Concept Introduction:

Point defect can be defined as the missing of an atom from its crystal lattice or presence at irregular place in its crystal lattice. Point defects can be of many types such as self-interstitial atoms, interstitial impurity atoms, vacancies, and substitution atoms.

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Answer 2

Question

Chapter 4, Problem 4.18P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

Substitution of Mg²⁺ for yttrium ions in Y₂O₃ causes the point defect in Y₂O₃ structure. Changes required in structure to maintain charge balance are to be explained.

Concept Introduction:

Point defect can be defined as the missing of an atom from its crystal lattice or presence at irregular place in its crystal lattice. Point defects can be of many types such as self-interstitial atoms, interstitial impurity atoms, vacancies, and substitution atoms.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

Substitution of Fe³⁺ for magnesium ions in MgO causes the point defect in MgO structure. Changes required in structure to maintain charge balance is to be explained.

Concept Introduction:

Point defect can be defined as the missing of an atom from its crystal lattice or presence at irregular place in its crystal lattice. Point defects can be of many types such as self-interstitial atoms, interstitial impurity atoms, vacancies, and substitution atoms.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

Substitution of Li¹⁺ for magnesium ions in MgO causes the point defect in MgO structure. Changes required in structure to maintain charge balance is to be explained.

Concept Introduction:

Point defect can be defined as the missing of an atom from its crystal lattice or presence at irregular place in its crystal lattice. Point defects can be of many types such as self-interstitial atoms, interstitial impurity atoms, vacancies, and substitution atoms.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

Substitution of Fe²⁺ for sodium ions in NaCl causes the point defect in NaCl structure. Changes required in structure to maintain charge balance is to be explained.

Concept Introduction:

Point defect can be defined as the missing of an atom from its crystal lattice or presence at irregular place in its crystal lattice. Point defects can be of many types such as self-interstitial atoms, interstitial impurity atoms, vacancies, and substitution atoms.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 4, Problem 4.18P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

Substitution of Mg²⁺ for yttrium ions in Y₂O₃ causes the point defect in Y₂O₃ structure. Changes required in structure to maintain charge balance are to be explained.

Concept Introduction:

Point defect can be defined as the missing of an atom from its crystal lattice or presence at irregular place in its crystal lattice. Point defects can be of many types such as self-interstitial atoms, interstitial impurity atoms, vacancies, and substitution atoms.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

Substitution of Fe³⁺ for magnesium ions in MgO causes the point defect in MgO structure. Changes required in structure to maintain charge balance is to be explained.

Concept Introduction:

Point defect can be defined as the missing of an atom from its crystal lattice or presence at irregular place in its crystal lattice. Point defects can be of many types such as self-interstitial atoms, interstitial impurity atoms, vacancies, and substitution atoms.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

Substitution of Li¹⁺ for magnesium ions in MgO causes the point defect in MgO structure. Changes required in structure to maintain charge balance is to be explained.

Concept Introduction:

Point defect can be defined as the missing of an atom from its crystal lattice or presence at irregular place in its crystal lattice. Point defects can be of many types such as self-interstitial atoms, interstitial impurity atoms, vacancies, and substitution atoms.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

Substitution of Fe²⁺ for sodium ions in NaCl causes the point defect in NaCl structure. Changes required in structure to maintain charge balance is to be explained.

Concept Introduction:

Point defect can be defined as the missing of an atom from its crystal lattice or presence at irregular place in its crystal lattice. Point defects can be of many types such as self-interstitial atoms, interstitial impurity atoms, vacancies, and substitution atoms.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 4, Problem 4.18P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

Substitution of Mg²⁺ for yttrium ions in Y₂O₃ causes the point defect in Y₂O₃ structure. Changes required in structure to maintain charge balance are to be explained.

Concept Introduction:

Point defect can be defined as the missing of an atom from its crystal lattice or presence at irregular place in its crystal lattice. Point defects can be of many types such as self-interstitial atoms, interstitial impurity atoms, vacancies, and substitution atoms.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

Substitution of Fe³⁺ for magnesium ions in MgO causes the point defect in MgO structure. Changes required in structure to maintain charge balance is to be explained.

Concept Introduction:

Point defect can be defined as the missing of an atom from its crystal lattice or presence at irregular place in its crystal lattice. Point defects can be of many types such as self-interstitial atoms, interstitial impurity atoms, vacancies, and substitution atoms.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

Substitution of Li¹⁺ for magnesium ions in MgO causes the point defect in MgO structure. Changes required in structure to maintain charge balance is to be explained.

Concept Introduction:

Point defect can be defined as the missing of an atom from its crystal lattice or presence at irregular place in its crystal lattice. Point defects can be of many types such as self-interstitial atoms, interstitial impurity atoms, vacancies, and substitution atoms.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

Substitution of Fe²⁺ for sodium ions in NaCl causes the point defect in NaCl structure. Changes required in structure to maintain charge balance is to be explained.

Concept Introduction:

Point defect can be defined as the missing of an atom from its crystal lattice or presence at irregular place in its crystal lattice. Point defects can be of many types such as self-interstitial atoms, interstitial impurity atoms, vacancies, and substitution atoms.

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Answer 5

Chapter 4, Problem 4.18P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

Substitution of Mg²⁺ for yttrium ions in Y₂O₃ causes the point defect in Y₂O₃ structure. Changes required in structure to maintain charge balance are to be explained.

Concept Introduction:

Point defect can be defined as the missing of an atom from its crystal lattice or presence at irregular place in its crystal lattice. Point defects can be of many types such as self-interstitial atoms, interstitial impurity atoms, vacancies, and substitution atoms.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

Substitution of Fe³⁺ for magnesium ions in MgO causes the point defect in MgO structure. Changes required in structure to maintain charge balance is to be explained.

Concept Introduction:

Point defect can be defined as the missing of an atom from its crystal lattice or presence at irregular place in its crystal lattice. Point defects can be of many types such as self-interstitial atoms, interstitial impurity atoms, vacancies, and substitution atoms.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

Substitution of Li¹⁺ for magnesium ions in MgO causes the point defect in MgO structure. Changes required in structure to maintain charge balance is to be explained.

Concept Introduction:

Point defect can be defined as the missing of an atom from its crystal lattice or presence at irregular place in its crystal lattice. Point defects can be of many types such as self-interstitial atoms, interstitial impurity atoms, vacancies, and substitution atoms.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

Substitution of Fe²⁺ for sodium ions in NaCl causes the point defect in NaCl structure. Changes required in structure to maintain charge balance is to be explained.

Concept Introduction:

Point defect can be defined as the missing of an atom from its crystal lattice or presence at irregular place in its crystal lattice. Point defects can be of many types such as self-interstitial atoms, interstitial impurity atoms, vacancies, and substitution atoms.

Answer 6

Chapter 4, Problem 4.18P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

Substitution of Mg²⁺ for yttrium ions in Y₂O₃ causes the point defect in Y₂O₃ structure. Changes required in structure to maintain charge balance are to be explained.

Concept Introduction:

Point defect can be defined as the missing of an atom from its crystal lattice or presence at irregular place in its crystal lattice. Point defects can be of many types such as self-interstitial atoms, interstitial impurity atoms, vacancies, and substitution atoms.

Answer 7

Chapter 4, Problem 4.18P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

Substitution of Mg²⁺ for yttrium ions in Y₂O₃ causes the point defect in Y₂O₃ structure. Changes required in structure to maintain charge balance are to be explained.

Concept Introduction:

Point defect can be defined as the missing of an atom from its crystal lattice or presence at irregular place in its crystal lattice. Point defects can be of many types such as self-interstitial atoms, interstitial impurity atoms, vacancies, and substitution atoms.

Answer 8

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

Substitution of Fe³⁺ for magnesium ions in MgO causes the point defect in MgO structure. Changes required in structure to maintain charge balance is to be explained.

Concept Introduction:

Point defect can be defined as the missing of an atom from its crystal lattice or presence at irregular place in its crystal lattice. Point defects can be of many types such as self-interstitial atoms, interstitial impurity atoms, vacancies, and substitution atoms.

Answer 9

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

Substitution of Fe³⁺ for magnesium ions in MgO causes the point defect in MgO structure. Changes required in structure to maintain charge balance is to be explained.

Concept Introduction:

Point defect can be defined as the missing of an atom from its crystal lattice or presence at irregular place in its crystal lattice. Point defects can be of many types such as self-interstitial atoms, interstitial impurity atoms, vacancies, and substitution atoms.

Answer 10

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

Substitution of Li¹⁺ for magnesium ions in MgO causes the point defect in MgO structure. Changes required in structure to maintain charge balance is to be explained.

Concept Introduction:

Point defect can be defined as the missing of an atom from its crystal lattice or presence at irregular place in its crystal lattice. Point defects can be of many types such as self-interstitial atoms, interstitial impurity atoms, vacancies, and substitution atoms.

Answer 11

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

Substitution of Li¹⁺ for magnesium ions in MgO causes the point defect in MgO structure. Changes required in structure to maintain charge balance is to be explained.

Concept Introduction:

Point defect can be defined as the missing of an atom from its crystal lattice or presence at irregular place in its crystal lattice. Point defects can be of many types such as self-interstitial atoms, interstitial impurity atoms, vacancies, and substitution atoms.

Answer 12

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

Substitution of Fe²⁺ for sodium ions in NaCl causes the point defect in NaCl structure. Changes required in structure to maintain charge balance is to be explained.

Concept Introduction:

Point defect can be defined as the missing of an atom from its crystal lattice or presence at irregular place in its crystal lattice. Point defects can be of many types such as self-interstitial atoms, interstitial impurity atoms, vacancies, and substitution atoms.

Answer 13

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

Substitution of Fe²⁺ for sodium ions in NaCl causes the point defect in NaCl structure. Changes required in structure to maintain charge balance is to be explained.

Concept Introduction:

Point defect can be defined as the missing of an atom from its crystal lattice or presence at irregular place in its crystal lattice. Point defects can be of many types such as self-interstitial atoms, interstitial impurity atoms, vacancies, and substitution atoms.

Answer 14

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Answer 15

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Answer 16

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Answer 17

Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.1P Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.2P Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.3P Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.4P Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.5P Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.6P Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.7P Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.8P Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.9P Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.10P

Solution Summary: The author explains that substitution of Mg 2+ for yttrium ions in Y 2 O 3 causes the point defect in the structure.

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Chapter 4 Solutions