Foundations of Astronomy (MindTap Course List)
14th Edition
ISBN: 9781337399920
Author: Michael A. Seeds, Dana Backman
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Textbook Question
Chapter 4, Problem 1P
Draw and label a diagram of the western horizon from northwest to southwest and label the setting points of the Sun at the solstices and equinoxes for a person in the Northern Hemisphere. (Hint: See Figure 3 in the Chapter 2 Concept Art: The Sky Around You and Figure 4-1.)
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For an entire year, you carefully plot and track the sun's position relative to the background stars (i.e., the celestial sphere). Which of the following is an accurate description of what you observe for the sun's annual drift relative to the celestial sphere?
Select one:
a.
the sun appears to shift only north or south, with no apparent drift east or west
b.
each day, the sun appears to drift primarily from east to west
c.
each day, the sun appears to drift primarily from west to east
d.
the sun does not appear to drift at all relative to the background stars, as defined by our 24 hour day
Use the figure below to answer the following question. In this Earth-Sun system drawing we have indicated the direction of both the daily rotation of Earth about its own axis and its annual orbit about the Sun.
Imagine you are the observer shown on Earth in the northern hemisphere. Three months after the time shown, what constellation is highest in the sky at midnight?
To North
Star
Pisces
Aquarius
Capricornus
hw 2
Aries
1 day
Sagittarius /
Scorpius
Taurus
365 days
Libra
Gemini
Virgo
Cancer
Leo
O A. Scorpius
B. Aquarius
O C. Virgo
D. Leo
E. Cancer
Use the figure below to answer the following question. In this Earth-Sun system drawing we have indicated the direction of both the daily rotation of Earth about its own axis and its annual orbit about the Sun.
Imagine you are the observer shown on Earth in the northern hemisphere. Three months prior to the time shown, what constellation is highest in the sky at noon?
To North
Star
Pisces
Aquarius
Capricornus
Aries
1 day
Sagittarius
Scorpius
Taurus
365 days
Libra
Gemini
Virgo
Cancer
Leo
A. Scorpius
B. Aquarius
O C. Virgo
O D. Leo
E. Cancer
Chapter 4 Solutions
Foundations of Astronomy (MindTap Course List)
Ch. 4 - Prob. 1RQCh. 4 - Why did early human cultures observe astronomical...Ch. 4 - Prob. 3RQCh. 4 - Name one example each of a famous politician,...Ch. 4 - Why did Plato propose that all heavenly motion was...Ch. 4 - On what did Plato base his knowledge? Was it...Ch. 4 - Which two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional...Ch. 4 - Are the spheres of Eudoxus a scientific model? If...Ch. 4 - In Ptolemys model, how do the epicycles of Mercury...Ch. 4 - Describe in detail the motions of the planets...
Ch. 4 - In Ptolemys model, which of the followingepicycle,...Ch. 4 - Why did Copernicus have to keep small epicycles in...Ch. 4 - Was the belief held by ancient astronomers that...Ch. 4 - When Tycho observed the new star of 1572, he could...Ch. 4 - Assume the night is clear and the Moons phase is...Ch. 4 - Does Tychos model of the Universe explain the...Ch. 4 - Name an empirical law. Why is it considered...Ch. 4 - How does Keplers first law of planetary motion...Ch. 4 - When Mercury is at aphelion (farthest from the...Ch. 4 - Prob. 20RQCh. 4 - What is P for Earth? What is a for Earth? Do these...Ch. 4 - Based Figure 4-13c, do planets with larger a take...Ch. 4 - How did the Alfonsine Tables, the Prutenic Tables,...Ch. 4 - Explain how each of Galileos telescopic...Ch. 4 - How did discovery of the Galilean moons disprove...Ch. 4 - Prob. 26RQCh. 4 - How Do We Know? Describe the differences between a...Ch. 4 - Draw and label a diagram of the western horizon...Ch. 4 - If you lived on Mars, which planets would exhibit...Ch. 4 - How long does it take for one retrograde cycle of...Ch. 4 - If a planet has an average distance from the Sun...Ch. 4 - If a space probe is sent into an orbit around the...Ch. 4 - Uranus orbits the Sun with a period of 84.0 years....Ch. 4 - An object takes 29.5 years to orbit the Sun. What...Ch. 4 - One planet is three times farther from the Sun...Ch. 4 - Galileos telescope showed him that Venus has a...Ch. 4 - Which is the phase of Venus when it is closest?...Ch. 4 - Galileos telescopes were not of high quality by...Ch. 4 - Arrange the following in order of increasing...Ch. 4 - Arrange the following in order of increasing...Ch. 4 - Prob. 1LTLCh. 4 - Study Figures 4-11 and 4-16 and describe the...Ch. 4 - What three astronomical objects are represented...Ch. 4 - Use the figure below to explain how the Ptolemaic...
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- What are advantages and disadvantages of apparent solar time? How is the situation improved by introducing mean solar time and standard time?arrow_forwardBased on what you've learn on the impact of the Earth-Sun distance on the seasons, what can you say about the the cause of the seasons? (Give ALL correct answers, i.e., B, AC, BCD...)A) Earth's axis is tilted an an angle of 23.5 degrees compared to a line perpendicular (straight up and down) to its orbit, which is the main cause for the seasons.B) Earth's speed varies in its orbit around the Sun, giving us summer when Earth is moving fastest and winter when Earth is moving slowest.C) The Earth-Sun distance play a major role in creating seasons on Earth.D) The tilt of Earth's axis causes the Northern Hemisphere to be closer to the Sun than the southern hemisphere in summer, and vice versa in winter. E) The tilt of Earth's axis causes different portions of the Earth to receive more or less direct sunlight at different times of year.F) Earth's Northern Hemisphere is always tilted away from the Sun at an angle of 23.5 degrees.G) Earth's Northern Hemisphere is always tilted toward the Sun…arrow_forwardDescription: If you could see both the Sun and the other stars during the day, this is what the sky would look like looking south at noon on January 1 for an observer in the northern hemisphere. The Sun would appear in the sky next to the more distant stars in the constellation Sagittarius, (labeled constellation C). Also shown are other constellations (named and labeled A, B, D, and E) that will be visible above the horizon at this time when facing south. Aquarius -EAST B Capricornus Horizon Sagittarius SOUTH SUN D Scorpius Libra E WEST->>arrow_forward
- Use the figure below to answer the following question. In this Earth-Sun system drawing we have indicated the direction of both the daily rotation of Earth about its own axis and its annual orbit about the Sun. Imagine you are the observer shown on Earth in the northern hemisphere. Seven months AFTER the time shown, which constellation will be highest in the sky at midnight? To North Star Pisces Aquarius Capricornus Aries 1 day Sagittarius Scorpius Taurus 365 days Libra Gemini Virgo Cancer Leo A. Capricornus B. Aries C. Libra D. Gemini O E. Sagittariusarrow_forwardWhat is the altitude of the north celestial pole in the sky from your latitude? If you do not know your latitude, look it up. If you are in the Southern Hemisphere, answer this question for the south celestial pole, since the north celestial pole is not visible from your location.arrow_forwardOn the day of the vernal equinox, the day length for all places on Earth is actually slightly longer than 12 hours. Explain why.arrow_forward
- Suppose Earth took exactly 300.0 days to go around the Sun, and everything else (the day, the month) was the same. What kind of calendar would we have? How would this affect the seasons?arrow_forwardExplain three lines of evidence that indicate that the seasons in North America are not caused by the changing Earth-Sun distance as a result of Earth’s elliptical orbit around the Sun.arrow_forwardIs the ecliptic the same thing as the celestial equator? Explain.arrow_forward
- On a globe or world map, find the nearest marked latitude line to your location. Is this an example of a great circle? Explain.arrow_forwardThe timing of Moonrise is later every day. Let’s understand why: a) Moonrise occurs when you, as you sit on the rotating Earth, turn to the point where you can just see the Moon appear over the horizon. Draw a picture to illustrate what this would look like. Draw the Earth, Moon, and you standing on the Earth to indicate this scenario. (You’ve seen my artistic skills in class, I’m not asking you to do anything better than that. Just label/make clear what is shown). Take this as Day 1.In 24 hours, you would return back to that exact point on the Earth. However, the Moon will also have moved forward in its orbit (it orbits the Earth in the same direction that the Earth is spinning). How far along in its orbit does the Moon move? That is, assume the Moon is orbiting in a circular orbit; in going from Day 1 to Day 2, how many degrees does thee Moon move forward? Indicate (very roughly) via a drawing.b) Because the Moon advanced in its orbit, you now must wait…arrow_forwardPlease explain all answers! Thank you! The figure below shows the relative position of the Earth (the circle in the middle) and the Moon (the small circle on the orbital path around the Earth (the arrows on orbital path circle show the moving direction of the moon). On this figure, an unknown phase of the moon is currently at its highest position in the sky. Given that, this particular phase of the Moon rises from the horizon around 3am. Please answer the following questions related to this figure. C1. Please draw a small circle on the orbital path to indicate the position of the moon phase that may result in a lunar eclipse. Write down “lunar eclipse” next to this small circle. Please explain your draw. C2. When the Moon is at this position on the orbital path (shown in Question C1), will it always cause a lunar eclipse? Please explain your answer. C3. Please draw a small circle on the orbital path to show the approximate moon’s position when a sidereal month is completed (with…arrow_forward
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