Concept explainers
To explain: The reason why the bones of the human body are stronger in resisting compression than in resisting tension and shear.
Introduction: Bones provide the structural framework for human body, protects other body tissues, and forms a system of levers for purpose of movement along with muscles. Bones are subjected to a lot of forces like compression, tension and shear force.
Explanation of Solution
The bone is made of collagen, hydroxypatite, calcium carbonate and calcium phosphate.
The following is the resistance strength of bone to forces:
- Bone is strong against compression
- Bone is intermediate against tension
- Bone is weak against shear
Compression is the force that pushes or presses the bone. Tensile force acts on the bone and pulls in opposite direction. Shear forces act parallel to each other but in the opposite direction on the object so that one part of the object (bone) is displace relative to another part.
About 60-70% of the bone is made up of the minerals, calcium carbonate and calcium phosphate. They give stiffness to bones and constitute the primary determiners of compressive strength and thus they have strong resistance against compression. The second material is collagen, a protein that constitutes about 20 to 30% of the bones which gives bones its flexibility and thus the resistance against tensile force. The bones are not made of materials to withstand shear force and therefore, it has weak resistance against shear force.
Want to see more full solutions like this?
Chapter 4 Solutions
Basic Biomechanics
- Explain each importance of the skeletal system and give examples eacharrow_forwardSyndesmoses are joints in which bones are held together by: O hydroxyapatite O ligaments cartilage O collagen fibersarrow_forwardMatch the following terms below with the correct numbers A cartilaginous articulation that A. Biaxial is slightly moveable Shoulder or hip joint are B. Symphysis examples Found between the bones of the C. Gomphosis skull Elbow joint is an example D. Triaxial Found between teeth and jaw E. Suture Synovial joint able to move in F. Monoaxial two planes Found in the epiphyseal plate in G. Synchondrosis children Bony fusion is its structural H. Synostosis category Found between the tibia and I. Syndesmosis fibulaarrow_forward
- Almost all limb joints in the human skeleton are synovial joints, which are diarthrotic. List and explain the six features that make synovial joints distinct from the other joint types.arrow_forwardexplain how the skeletal, articular, and muscular systems work together to form the human skeletal framework.arrow_forwardExplain how the structure of each of the following joint types follows its function. a. Fibrous joint b. Cartilaginous joint c. Synovial jointarrow_forward
- Most of the limb joints in the human skeleton are of synovial type. Identify and briefly explain the function of the six features that make synovial joints unique from other joint types. (answer max 12 sentences)arrow_forwardName two specific examples of each: hinge joint, plane joint, condyloid joint, ball-and-socket joint.arrow_forwardHydrostatic skeletons have been defined as a mass of fluid enclosed within a muscular wall. How would you modify this definition to apply it to a muscular hydrostat? Offer examples of both a hydro-static skeleton and a muscular hydrostat.arrow_forward
- Compare a bursa and a tendon sheath in terms of their structure, function, and locations.arrow_forwardWhich of the following statements defines synchondroses? A) Amphiarthrotic joints designed for strength and flexibility B) Cartilaginous joints where hyaline cartilage unites the ends of bones C) Interphalangeal joints D) Joints that permit angular movements Please give a brief explanation of each. thanksarrow_forwardContrast the two types of cartilaginous joints and giveexamples of each typearrow_forward
Anatomy & PhysiologyBiologyISBN:9781938168130Author:Kelly A. Young, James A. Wise, Peter DeSaix, Dean H. Kruse, Brandon Poe, Eddie Johnson, Jody E. Johnson, Oksana Korol, J. Gordon Betts, Mark WomblePublisher:OpenStax College
Biology 2eBiologyISBN:9781947172517Author:Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann ClarkPublisher:OpenStax