Concept explainers
To determine: The amino acids that differ from each other by a single methyl or methylene group.
Concept introduction: The amino acids vary from each other due to the presence of different R groups. The amino acid properties depend on the R group. They often combine to form long chains of polypeptide, ultimately forming complex proteins.
Explanation of Solution
Amino acid is a basic structural unit of a protein. It forms a peptide bond by joining two or more amino acids. Amino acid consists of an asymmetrical carbon atom that is attached with an amino group, a hydrogen atom, a carboxylic group, and a side group (or R-group).
There are 20 standard amino acids. Proteins are made from these standard amino acids. The amino acids that differ from each other by a single methyl group or methylene group are glycine and alanine, serine and threonine, valine, leucine and isoleucine, asparagine and glutamine, aspartate, and glutamate.
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