What is Life? A Guide to Biology with Physiology
3rd Edition
ISBN: 9781464157745
Author: Jay Phelan
Publisher: W. H. Freeman
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Chapter 4, Problem 10MC
Summary Introduction
Introduction:
Photosynthesis results in the production of sugars. The raw material for making new sugar molecules comes from carbon dioxide.
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Which best describes cyclic photophosphorylation?
(a) it uses two photosystems (b) it produces water as a waste product (c) it produces oxygen as a waste product (d) it utilizes a single photosystem
(e) it uses substrate level phosphorylation to produce ATP
1. If ATP breakdown (hydrolysis) is inhibited, which of the following types of movement
across cell membranes is also inhibited?
(A) Movement of oxygen into a cell
(B) Movement of water through aquaporins
(C) Passage of a solute against its concentration gradient
(D) Facilitated diffusion of a permeable substance
2. Which of the following questions is most relevant to understanding the Calvin cycle?
(A) How does chlorophyll capture light?
(B) How is ATP used in the formation of 3-carbon carbohydrates?
(C) How is NADP+ reduced to NADPH?
(D) How is ATP produced in chemiosmosis?
OXYGEN CONCENTRATION IN THE WATER OF A LAKE
Hours of Darkness
06:00 08:00 10:00 12:00 14:00 16:00 18:00 20:00 22:00 24:00 02:00 04:00 06:00
Time of Day
3. What most likely causes the trends in oxygen concentration shown in the graph above?
(A) The water becomes colder at night and thus
holds more oxygen.
(B) Respiration in most organisms increases at
night.
(C) More organisms are respiring at night than during the…
2.)
A.) Explain how electron transfer leads to ATP biosynthesis in the light reactions of photosynthesis. You must give details about how electron flow builds a pH gradient and a description of the compartments in the chloroplast in relation to pH. Also, compare the ETC of the mitochondrion with the ETC of the light reactions for both the source and destination for electrons.
B.) Would ATP biosynthesis happen if ionophores, which would create holes in the thylakoid membrane and allow uncontrolled passage of charged molecules such as protons between compartments, are provided to the chloroplast? Why or why not?
C.) How would you modify Complex I of the electron transport chain to decrease ATP yield from Step 3 of β-oxidation? As part of this, you must explain why there is a difference in ATP yield between NADH and FADH 2 AND give a specific change to the ETC that would decrease ATP yield from Step 3
Chapter 4 Solutions
What is Life? A Guide to Biology with Physiology
Ch. 4 - Prob. 1SACh. 4 - Prob. 2SACh. 4 - Prob. 3SACh. 4 - Prob. 4SACh. 4 - Prob. 5SACh. 4 - Prob. 6SACh. 4 - Prob. 7SACh. 4 - Prob. 8SACh. 4 - Prob. 9SACh. 4 - Prob. 10SA
Ch. 4 - Prob. 11SACh. 4 - Prob. 12SACh. 4 - Prob. 13SACh. 4 - Prob. 14SACh. 4 - Prob. 15SACh. 4 - Prob. 16SACh. 4 - Prob. 17SACh. 4 - Prob. 1MCCh. 4 - Prob. 2MCCh. 4 - Prob. 3MCCh. 4 - Prob. 4MCCh. 4 - Prob. 5MCCh. 4 - Prob. 6MCCh. 4 - Prob. 7MCCh. 4 - Prob. 8MCCh. 4 - Prob. 9MCCh. 4 - Prob. 10MCCh. 4 - Prob. 11MCCh. 4 - Prob. 12MCCh. 4 - Prob. 13MCCh. 4 - Prob. 14MCCh. 4 - Prob. 15MCCh. 4 - Prob. 16MCCh. 4 - Prob. 17MC
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- In oxygenic photophosphorylation (a) photosystem II uses the photopigment bacteriochlorophyll (b) Oxygen is used as an electron donor (c) ATP is produced by means of substrate level phosphorylation (d) photosystem I reduces NADP (e) none of the abovearrow_forwardWhich of the following does not occur during the Calvin cycle?(A) carbon fixation(B) oxidation of NADPH(C) release of oxygen(D) regeneration of the CO2 acceptorarrow_forwardPlants have evolved by developing mechanisms that promote entry of CO, into the Calvin Cycle (CC) to limit photorespiration when environmental conditions tend to favor the latter. This is because photorespiration 1) is energetically inefficient (consuming more ATP than the CC alone) and 2) it does not produce any sugars that can be "fed" into cellular respiration to produce lots more ATP. A) Under what environmental conditions does photorespiration "outcompete" that of the CC? Specifically, what mechanism is responsible for committing the cell to photorespiration and what type of plant does not have any "safeguards" to ensure that the CC is performed rather than photorespiration? B) Describe the mechanisms employed by two types of plants to minimize photorespiration and ensure that the CC is carried out even when environmental conditions are not in their favor. Be sure to identify 1) the type of plant, 2) its natural environment and how it affects the plant's ability to perform the CC,…arrow_forward
- 43) Which of the following is false? A) C3, C4, and CAM plants use the light dependent reactions to harvest energy from the sun and light independent reactions to turn that energy into sugar. B) C3 plants use photorespiration (as opposed to the Calvin Cycle) when CO2 is low ) C4 plants utilize a specialized carbon fixation enzyme and a unique cell structure to reduce the problems of photorespiration D) CẢM plants perform all of the steps of photosynthesis at night to avoid e photorespirationarrow_forwardA: ATP Cellular respiration Bwater and oxygen MITOCHONDRION (animal cell) CHLOROPLAST (plant cell Examine the model depicting the relationship between photosynthesis and cellular respiration. Select ALL of th choices that correctly pairs products and reactants with their place in the model. Photosynthesisarrow_forwardWhat would be the effect on production of ATP from photosynthesis, assuming no effect on enzyme/protein stability, if the pH of the chloroplast stroma were lowered? a) It would increase b) It would decrease c) It would stay the samearrow_forward
- The Calvin cycle, the "dark reaction" or Carbon fixation reactions of photosynthesis, cannot occur at night in a living plant. Which of the following best describes why this is true? A) The stomata are incapable of opening at night, thus CO2 cannot enter the leaf B) The reactions of the Calvin cycle are dependent on light reactions for high-energy compounds C) Several enxymes necessary for Calvin cycle activity have been degraded during the day and must be replaced D) Light is required to transport the water necessary for the cycle E) Cooler temperatures at night slow enzyme activity and rates of substrate diffusionarrow_forwardYou continuously monitor the photosynthetic oxygen production from the leaf of a plant illuminated by white light. How and why would oxygen production change if you placed filters in front of the light source that transmit (a) only red, (b) only infrared, and (c) only green light onto the leaf?arrow_forwardPlease Asap with explanationarrow_forward
- Why is a hypotonic buffer used for the resuspension? 1.DCPIP passes easily across the intact chloroplast membrane, but can't get into the thylakoid, so electron transport could not be reliably measured if using a hypotonic buffer. 2.To gently lyse the chloroplasts, leaving the electron transport membranes intact, whilst allowing DCPIP access 3.To gently separate the chloroplasts from each other, leaving the electron transport membranes intact, whilst allowing DCPIP access 4.DCPIP cannot easily across the intact chloroplast membrane, so electron transport could not be reliably measured if using a hypotonic buffer.arrow_forwardWhich of the following correctly sequences the steps of non-cyclic electron transport? a) Chlorophyll molecules absorb UV radiation exciting electrons which flow through photosystem I, returning to the chlorophyll molecules b) Electrons donated from water molecules pass through photosystem I then photosystem II before returning to the chlorophyll molecules, generating ATP in the process c) Water is oxidized by the capture of light energy; these excited electrons are passed through the dark reactions, returning to chlorophyll during the final light reactions d) The ATP and NADPH generated by the reactions of photosystem II and photosystem I are utilized by the Calvin Cycle to build high energy glucose moleculesarrow_forwardHow does the electron transfer pathway from photosynthesis II to photosynthesis I in the light-dependent reactions take place? A. After splitting water in PS-I, high-energy electrons are delivered through the chloroplast electron transport chain to PS-II. B. After the photosynthesis reaction, released products like glucose help in the transfer of electrons from PS-II to PS-I. C. After splitting water in PS-II, high-energy electrons are delivered through the chloroplast electron transport chain to PS-I. D. After the completion of the light-dependent reactions, the electrons are transferred from PS-II to PS-I.arrow_forward
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