Essential University Physics
4th Edition
ISBN: 9780134988566
Author: Wolfson, Richard
Publisher: Pearson Education,
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Concept explainers
Question
Chapter 38, Problem 71P
(a)
To determine
The rate at which the Sun consume protons to produce its power output of
4 × 10 26 W
(b)
To determine
How long the present phase of the Sun last.
Expert Solution & Answer
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solution
Students have asked these similar questions
The Sun generates energy by p-p proton-proton chain nuclear fusion.
The second step of p-p chain is: 2H + 1H → 3He.
The particle masses are 2.0141 u, 1.0078 u, 3.0160 u, for 2H, 1H, 3He, respectively.
This step produces _____ MeV of energy.
Helpful information: (1) An alpha particle is a helium nucleus, (2)
e = 1.6 × 10-¹⁹ C, (3) k = 9.0 × 10⁹ Nm² C-2, (4) 1nm = 1 × 10-⁹ m
1-An alpha particle lies on the x-axis, a distance of 1.0 nanometer from a
proton (in this set-up, the alpha particle is at the origin while the proton is in the
positive direction). Which of the following choices below represents the
magnitude of the electric force on the alpha particle?
(a) 2.3 × 10-10 N
(b) 4.6 × 10-¹0 N
(c) 2.3 × 10-19 N
(d) 4.6 × 10-19 N
eplacing the voltage sou
the following inst
choices below
time != 1.00 37
instantaneous current
The Sun is powered by releasing hydrogen to helium. Through either the proton-proton chain or the CNO cycle, the basic reaction is 4 1H morph into 1 4He, releasing nuclear binding energy (and losing mass) in the process. The mass of one proton 1H is 1.6726 x 10-24 gm and the mass of one helium nucleus 4He is 6.6447 x 10-24 gm.
What is the mass difference in gm between 4 protons and one helium nucleus? Calculate the ratio of the mass difference to the original mass of the 4 protons as a comparison.
Chapter 38 Solutions
Essential University Physics
Ch. 38.1 - Prob. 38.1GICh. 38.2 - Prob. 38.2GICh. 38.3 - Prob. 38.3GICh. 38.4 - Prob. 38.4GICh. 38.5 - Prob. 38.5GICh. 38 - Prob. 1FTDCh. 38 - Prob. 2FTDCh. 38 - Prob. 3FTDCh. 38 - Prob. 4FTDCh. 38 - Why are iodine-131 and strontium-90 particularly...
Ch. 38 - Prob. 6FTDCh. 38 - Prob. 7FTDCh. 38 - Prob. 8FTDCh. 38 - Prob. 9FTDCh. 38 - Prob. 10FTDCh. 38 - Three radon isotopes have 125, 134, and 136...Ch. 38 - Prob. 12ECh. 38 - Prob. 13ECh. 38 - Prob. 14ECh. 38 - Prob. 15ECh. 38 - How many half-lives will it take for the activity...Ch. 38 - Prob. 17ECh. 38 - Prob. 18ECh. 38 - Prob. 19ECh. 38 - Prob. 20ECh. 38 - Prob. 21ECh. 38 - Find the total binding energy of oxygen-16, given...Ch. 38 - Determine the nuclear mass of nickel-60, given...Ch. 38 - Prob. 24ECh. 38 - Prob. 25ECh. 38 - Prob. 26ECh. 38 - Prob. 27ECh. 38 - Prob. 28ECh. 38 - Prob. 29ECh. 38 - Prob. 30ECh. 38 - Prob. 31ECh. 38 - Prob. 32ECh. 38 - Prob. 33ECh. 38 - Prob. 34ECh. 38 - Prob. 35ECh. 38 - Prob. 36ECh. 38 - Prob. 37ECh. 38 - Prob. 38ECh. 38 - Prob. 39ECh. 38 - Prob. 40ECh. 38 - Prob. 41ECh. 38 - Prob. 42PCh. 38 - Prob. 43PCh. 38 - Prob. 44PCh. 38 - Iron-56, with nuclear mass 55.9206 u, is among the...Ch. 38 - Prob. 46PCh. 38 - Prob. 47PCh. 38 - Prob. 48PCh. 38 - Prob. 49PCh. 38 - Nitrogen-13 is a 9.97-min-half-lifc isotope used...Ch. 38 - Prob. 51PCh. 38 - Prob. 52PCh. 38 - Prob. 53PCh. 38 - Prob. 54PCh. 38 - The table below lists reported levels of...Ch. 38 - Prob. 56PCh. 38 - Analysis of a Moon rock shows that 82% of its...Ch. 38 - Prob. 58PCh. 38 - Prob. 59PCh. 38 - Prob. 61PCh. 38 - Prob. 62PCh. 38 - Prob. 63PCh. 38 - Prob. 64PCh. 38 - Prob. 65PCh. 38 - Prob. 66PCh. 38 - Prob. 67PCh. 38 - Prob. 68PCh. 38 - Prob. 69PCh. 38 - Prob. 70PCh. 38 - Prob. 71PCh. 38 - Prob. 72PCh. 38 - Prob. 73PCh. 38 - Prob. 74PCh. 38 - Bismuth-209 and chromium-54 combine to form a...Ch. 38 - Prob. 76PCh. 38 - Prob. 77PCh. 38 - Prob. 78PCh. 38 - Prob. 79PCh. 38 - Prob. 80PCh. 38 - Prob. 81PCh. 38 - Prob. 82PCh. 38 - Prob. 83PCh. 38 - Prob. 84PCh. 38 - Prob. 85PCh. 38 - Prob. 86PPCh. 38 - Prob. 87PPCh. 38 - Prob. 88PPCh. 38 - Prob. 89PP
Knowledge Booster
Learn more about
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, physics and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- Energy reaches the upper atmosphere of the Earth from the Sun at the rate of 1.79 1017 W. If all of this energy were absorbed by the Earth and not re-emitted, how much would the mass of the Earth increase in 1.00 yr?arrow_forwardSuppose you are designing a proton decay experiment and you can detect 50 percent of the proton decays in a tank of water. (a) How many kilograms of water would you need to see one decay per month, assuming a lifetime of 1031 y? (b) How many cubic meters of water is this? (c) If the actual lifetime is 1033 y, how long would you have to wait on an average to see a single proton decay?arrow_forwardA chain of nuclear reactions in the Suns core converts four protons into a helium nucleus. (a) What is the mass difference between four protons and a helium nucleus? (b) How much energy in MeV is released during the conversion of four protons into a helium nucleus?arrow_forward
- What is for a proton having amass energy of 938.3 MeV accelerated through an effective potential of 1.0 TV (teravolt)?arrow_forwardWhat is for a proton having a mass energy of 938.3 MeV accelerated through an effective potential of 1.0 TV (teravolt) at Fermilab outside Chicago?arrow_forward(a) What is the kinetic energy in MeV of a ray that is traveling at 0.998c? This gives some idea of how energetic a ray must be to travel at nearly the same speed as a ray. (b) What is the velocity of the ray relative to the ray?arrow_forward
- A muon formed high in Earth's atmosphere travels toward Earth at a speed v = 0.990c for a distance of 4.60 km as measured by an observer at rest with respect to Earth. It then decays into an electron, a neutrino, and an antineutrino. (a) How long does the muon survive according to an observer at rest on Earth? (b) Compute the gamma factor associated with the muon. (c) How much time passes according to an observer traveling with the muon? (d) What distance does the muon travel according to an observer traveling with the muon? (e) A third observer traveling toward the muon at c/2 measures the lifetime of the particle. According to this observer, is the muons lifetime shorter or longer than the lifetime measured by the observer at rest with respect to Earth? Explain.arrow_forwardA chain of nuclear reactions in the Suns core converts four protons into a helium nucleus. (a) What is the mass difference between four protons and a helium nucleus? (b) How much energy in MeV is released during the conversion of four protons into a helium nucleus?arrow_forwardThe primary decay mode for the negative pion is +v . (a) What is the energy release in MeV in this decay? (b) Using conservation of momentum, how much energy does each of the decay products receive, given the is at rest when it decays? You may assume the muon antineutrino is massless and has momentum p = E/c , just like a photon.arrow_forward
- Recall that the solar constant-the flux of solar energy reaching Earth's vicinity- is about 1390 W/m^2. ) (The distance from the sun = 1 AU = 1.50×10¹¹ m.) The Sun's energy originates from a chain of fusion reactions; each reaction chain releases 26.7 MeV of mass energy. At what rate does the Sun lose mass? Express the result in kilograms per year. (in kg/yr) A: 5.379x10¹6 B: 6.294x1016 oC: 7.364x10¹6 D: 8.616x1016 E: 1.008x1017 OF: 1.179x1017 G: 1.380x10¹7 H: 1.614x1017arrow_forwardThe Sun produces energy at a rate of 4.00×1026 W by the fusion of hydrogen. (a) How many kilograms of hydrogen undergo fusion each second? (b) If the Sun is 90.0% hydrogen and half of this can undergo fusion before the Sunchanges character, how long could it produce energy at its current rate? (c) How many kilograms of mass is the Sun losing per second? (d) What fraction of its mass will it have lost in the time found in part (b)?arrow_forwardQuestion: If the entire 450 kg antimatter fuel supply of the Enterprise combines with the same amount of matter and is complete converted into energy, how much energy is then released? How does this compare to the U.S. yearly energy use, which is roughly 1.0 * 1020J?1 Give your answer as a percentage and give both answers in two significant figures (link). Remember E = m * c with c = 2.998 * 10° m/s 1Young, H.. and Freedman, R. (2015) University Physics with Modern Physics. Pearson. Solution: Released energy: Percentage:arrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
University Physics Volume 3PhysicsISBN:9781938168185Author:William Moebs, Jeff SannyPublisher:OpenStax
Principles of Physics: A Calculus-Based TextPhysicsISBN:9781133104261Author:Raymond A. Serway, John W. JewettPublisher:Cengage Learning
College PhysicsPhysicsISBN:9781305952300Author:Raymond A. Serway, Chris VuillePublisher:Cengage Learning
College PhysicsPhysicsISBN:9781285737027Author:Raymond A. Serway, Chris VuillePublisher:Cengage Learning
Physics for Scientists and Engineers, Technology ...PhysicsISBN:9781305116399Author:Raymond A. Serway, John W. JewettPublisher:Cengage Learning
Modern PhysicsPhysicsISBN:9781111794378Author:Raymond A. Serway, Clement J. Moses, Curt A. MoyerPublisher:Cengage Learning
University Physics Volume 3
Physics
ISBN:9781938168185
Author:William Moebs, Jeff Sanny
Publisher:OpenStax
Principles of Physics: A Calculus-Based Text
Physics
ISBN:9781133104261
Author:Raymond A. Serway, John W. Jewett
Publisher:Cengage Learning
College Physics
Physics
ISBN:9781305952300
Author:Raymond A. Serway, Chris Vuille
Publisher:Cengage Learning
College Physics
Physics
ISBN:9781285737027
Author:Raymond A. Serway, Chris Vuille
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Physics for Scientists and Engineers, Technology ...
Physics
ISBN:9781305116399
Author:Raymond A. Serway, John W. Jewett
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Modern Physics
Physics
ISBN:9781111794378
Author:Raymond A. Serway, Clement J. Moses, Curt A. Moyer
Publisher:Cengage Learning