Laboratory Experiments in Microbiology (12th Edition) (What's New in Microbiology)
12th Edition
ISBN: 9780134605203
Author: Ted R. Johnson, Christine L. Case
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 37, Problem 1CA
Bacteriophages are being explored as a treatment for antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Among the advantages of bacteriophages is that they are self-replicating and self-limiting. They only infect bacteria so are not toxic to humans. Explain how this is different from antibiotic therapy.
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The ribosome is the target for many important antibiotics. These drugs must discriminate between bacterial and eukaryotic ribosomes to achieve drug specificity and toxicity. For the two common antibiotics below, what is their mechanism of action and why are they more toxic to bacteria than eukaryotes?
a) Tetracycline
b) Erythromycin
You have isolated a beta-lactamase producing Staphylococcus aureus (not a MRSA strain) from an
infected surgical site on your patient.
If for genetic reasons, your patient is allergic to all antibiotics except beta-lactam antibiotics such as
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give the patient erythromycin
can use a beta-lactamse resistant beta-lactam such as methicillin or oxacillin
O give the patient penicillin
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Antibiotic resistance can be transferred from one bacterial cell to another. Describe how this process can occur.
Chapter 37 Solutions
Laboratory Experiments in Microbiology (12th Edition) (What's New in Microbiology)
Ch. 37 - Why did you add Escherichia coli to sewage, which...Ch. 37 - If there were no plaques on your plates, offer an...Ch. 37 - How would you develop a pure culture of a phage?Ch. 37 - How would you isolate a bacteriophage for a...Ch. 37 - Bacteriophages are being explored as a treatment...Ch. 37 - Rotavirus grows in cells at the tips of intestinal...
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Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- Below, you can see a picture of an antimicrobial drug. Regarding semi-synthetic antimicrobial drug development to try to avoid development of antibiotic resistance, use 1 sentence to address what is the significance/value of the presence of the various R-groups (e.g. R4, R5, R6, etc.)?arrow_forwardGive two reasons why bacteria are becoming more and more resistant to antibiotics.arrow_forwardDuring the anthrax crisis of 2001, public health officials urged citizens not to take the antibiotic ciprofloxacin as a preventative measure. Public health officials were concerned that overuse of ciprofloxacin would lead to resistant varieties of anthrax and other bacterial pathogens. Ciprofloxacin is one of the few readily available antibiotics that can treat anthrax. 1)Do you think that public health officials should more directly regulate the availability of ciprofloxacin to ensure its proper use? 2)Why?arrow_forward
- One of the reasons why phage therapy has not been applied widely is that bacteria can become resistant to bacteriophages as well, through mutations in genes encoding for specific proteins. What would be a protein in the bacterial cell that, if mutated, would make that cell resistant to phage infection?arrow_forwardWhich of the following apply to the development of urogenital tract Candida albicans infections? Disruption of population dynamics allowing the RB form of Chlamydia to cause tissue damage Loss of Lactobacillus populations leading to an increase in the local pH Loss of Gardnerella vaginalis populations leading to a lose of Clue cells Loss of the anaerobic environment that promotes the outgrowth of Trichomonas vaginalis None of the answers applyarrow_forwardIntroduction: There’s quite a bit of interest around repurposing extant drugs to treat infections by targeting host pathways that pathogens rely on. Here are a few potential drugs: 1) A drug that inhibits endocytosis, but not phagocytosis. 2) A drug that inhibits degradation of cytoplasmic proteins into smaller peptides, preventing their cycling back into amino acids. 3) A drug used to treat porphyria that reduces the reactivity of heme. 4) A drug that depletes glutathione, a chemical which protects red blood cells against the reactivity of heme. 5) A drug that reduces expression of the ACE-2 protein. Question: Pick a drug and an infection that the drug is likely to be good at treating, or pick an infection and a drug that would most likely make the infection substantially worse. Which drug and pathogen did you pick? Do you think it’ll make it better or worse?arrow_forward
- Antibotic/drug resistance in bacteria results from mutations induced by the anitbiotic which enhance fitness of the bacteria ensuring their survival. a) True b) Falsearrow_forwardResults from a Kirby Bauer antibiotic assay on a Gram-negative bacterial culture are described as follows: A) the bacterium is resistant to penicillin, an antibiotic that targets synthesis of the peptidoglycan cell wall and B) the bacterium is resistant to tetracycline, an antibiotic that targets the small subunit of the ribosome, inhibiting protein synthesis. Which of the results represents intrinsic resistant and which represents acquired resistants?arrow_forwardWe have many antimicrobial drugs to treat bacterial infections, but very few for viruses. Why is it so difficult to treat viral infections? Hint: What would the targets for the drugs be?arrow_forward
- To understand the genes responsible for growth and infectivity in a disease-causing bacterial strain, you perform chemical mutagenesis on a culture of these bacteria. In the course of your investigation into the properties of the resulting mutants, you identify a set of mutant bacteria that is still viable but their virulence is significantly impaired. How might these mutants be useful for vaccine development?arrow_forwardIn Hershey-Chase experiment, bacteriophages protein coats were tagged with radioactive isotope S-32. These phages were used to infect E. coli cells and the cells were further centrifuged to form pellets. Why was the radioactivity level of S-32 found greater outside the cells compared to the E. coli cell pellets? Explain briefly. If the experiment is repeated in the same manner but this time the phage protein coats are labelled with isotope X and the phage DNA with isotope Y, which isotope’s radioactivity will be found in greater amounts in the E. coli cell pellets after centrifugation? Explain briefly.arrow_forwardThe acquired antibiotic resistance genes encode what types of proteins that can inhibit the function of the antibiotic? list twoarrow_forward
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