Concept explainers
To review:
The data observed from the given experiment in relation to the role of four phytochrome genes in leaf development.
Given:
Effect of differential expression of phy genes that code for phytochromes in Arabidopsis was studied by overexpression of these genes. Later, genetic screens were conducted to identify the mutant strains and their effect on the leaf elongation and size of leaf area was recorded.
Introduction:
Phytochromes are a type of photoreceptors that are present in plants. Photoreceptors detect light to which plant is exposed to and initiates a number of responses that lead to different developmental pathways in plants. These developments range from germination, de-etiolation to development of plant architecture, such as leaf area.
Explanation of Solution
The data given in the table indicate that four phytochromes present in Arabidopsis are involved in different developmental functions like the development of leaf architecture such as length of the leaves and area of the leaves. Since the mutants of these phytochromes show different phenotype from the wild-type, suggests that phytochromes play an important role in determining the area and length of leaves in the plant.
Gene expression | Leaf area (mm2) |
Wild-type | 22 |
phyA overexpressed | 21 |
phyB overexpressed | 21 |
phyC overexpressed | 31 |
phyD overexpressed | 22 |
Table: Phytochrome genes phyA, phyB, phyC, and phyD were separately overexpressed in Arabidopsis, and 18-day-old seedlings were examined with regard to leaf area.
These results also indicate that in some cases, the role of some of these phytochromes may be redundant. Redundancy means that the same function can be performed by a different phytochrome. In other cases, their roles may be overlapping or synergistic. The synergistic role means that two phytochromes may work together to create a certain effect on development. Some phytochromes play a greater role in controlling certain
Therefore, it can be concluded that the four phytochromes play different roles in the development of leaf area as well as elongation of leaf and these functions may be synergistic or redundant.
Want to see more full solutions like this?
Chapter 36 Solutions
LIFE: THE SCIENCE OF BIOLOGY
- 1 a) Describe the process of double-fertilization in this fireweed. b) What is the significance of this process in plant evolution?arrow_forwardUsing the 'ABC model' of floral development, what would you expect the flowers of a mutant plant to look like if both A & B gene function had been destroyed?arrow_forwardMonoecious plants such as corn have either staminate or carpelate flowers. Knowing what you do about the molecular mechanisms of floral development, which of the following might explain the development of single-sex flowers? a. Expression of B-type genes in the presumptive carpel whorl will generate staminate flowers. b. Loss of A-type genes in the presumptive petal whorl will allow C-type and B-type genes to produce stamens instead of petals in that whorl. c. Restricting B-type gene expression to the presumptive petal whorl will generate carpelate flowers. d. All of the choices are correct.arrow_forward
- This figure summarises the life cycle of a seed plant. The blue circles named A and B represent the sexually mature individual of each phase of the life cycle. 1) What is this life cycle called? 2) Plant B is in the diploid phase. What is another name for this plant? 3) If A is the haploid phase, in which phase would you find sepals? Write just the letter of the individual corresponding to the correct phase 4) If B is the haploid phase, in which phase would you find synergids? Write just the letter of the individual corresponding to the correct phase 5) If B is the diploid phase, in which phase would you find the nucellus? Write just the letter of the individual corresponding to the correct phase 6) If A is the diploid phase, in which phase would you find the sperm cells? Write just the letter of the individual corresponding to the correct phase 7) If A is the diploid phase, in which phase would you find selection on flower colour? Write just the letter of the individual corresponding…arrow_forwardWhat will be the phenotype of the fly that grows from the fertilizer cell show below?arrow_forwardWhat is the evolutionary trend in the alternation of generation in plants?arrow_forward
- The drooping, bell-like flower Aquilegia canadensis is adapted for cross-pollination. However, if the plant has not been pollinated previously, self-pollination can occur. However, if cross pollination occurs after self-pollination takes place, the pollen from cross pollination reaches the style before the pollen from self-pollination. Using course concepts and vocabulary 1) Provide a reasoning for this phenomenon. 2) Would this adaptation for reproduction be beneficial for the plant?arrow_forwardYou are a developmental geneticist and perform a mutagenesis screen in Arabidopsis looking for floral organ mutants. You identify a mutant phenotype that has the following organ arrangement, beginning in whorl 1: Sepal-Sepal-Carpel-Carpel Which class of floral identity genes has been mutated? A-B double mutant O A O SEPALLATA B сarrow_forwardWhat is germplasm? Why is it necessary to have gemplasm collection?arrow_forward
- Imagine that you are a member of a research group conducting research on fruit type and seed dispersal. Your group has submitted a paper to a peer-reviewed journal that addresses the factors that impact fruit type and seed dispersal mechanisms in plants of Central America. The editor of the journal communicates that your paper may be published if you make ‘minor revisions’ to the document.Unit 8 DQ Question: Why is seed dispersal important in the life of plants? What would be the consequences of having seeds that simply fell to the ground underneath the parent tree? (Editor’s note: addressing this question will provide needed background information to the ‘Introduction’ of your paper).arrow_forwardin flowering control of plant, describe a situation wherein there are mutations in at least one or all of the genes responsible for control of the floral development.arrow_forwardThe leafy, green moss plants that are familiar are gametophytes, haploid plants. This is very different from flowering plants and other seed plants. Does a leafy green moss plant grow from a spore or from a fertilized egg? Does the moss plant have both paternal parent and maternal parent?arrow_forward
- Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)BiologyISBN:9780134580999Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. HoehnPublisher:PEARSONBiology 2eBiologyISBN:9781947172517Author:Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann ClarkPublisher:OpenStaxAnatomy & PhysiologyBiologyISBN:9781259398629Author:McKinley, Michael P., O'loughlin, Valerie Dean, Bidle, Theresa StouterPublisher:Mcgraw Hill Education,
- Molecular Biology of the Cell (Sixth Edition)BiologyISBN:9780815344322Author:Bruce Alberts, Alexander D. Johnson, Julian Lewis, David Morgan, Martin Raff, Keith Roberts, Peter WalterPublisher:W. W. Norton & CompanyLaboratory Manual For Human Anatomy & PhysiologyBiologyISBN:9781260159363Author:Martin, Terry R., Prentice-craver, CynthiaPublisher:McGraw-Hill Publishing Co.Inquiry Into Life (16th Edition)BiologyISBN:9781260231700Author:Sylvia S. Mader, Michael WindelspechtPublisher:McGraw Hill Education