Campbell Biology in Focus (2nd Edition)
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9780321962751
Author: Lisa A. Urry, Michael L. Cain, Steven A. Wasserman, Peter V. Minorsky, Jane B. Reece
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 35.2, Problem 1CC
Summary Introduction
To draw:
A sketch of B cell antigen receptor and to label the V and C regions, antigen binding sites, disulfide bridges and transmembrane region located relative to these regions.
Introduction:
A B-cell antigen receptor is a protein which is a Y-shaped structure. It consists of four poly-peptide chains, the two-heavy chains and two-light chains. The chains are linked by disulphide bridges.
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DRAW IT Sketch a B cell antigen receptor. Label the Vand C regions of the light and heavy chains. Label theantigen-binding sites, disulfide bridges, and transmembrane region. Where are these features located relativeto the V and C regions?
Draw a schematic diagram of a typical IgG molecule and label each of the following parts: H chains, L chains, intrachain disulfide bonds, hinge, Fab, Fc, and all the domains. Indicate which domains are involved in antigen binding.
Write T if the statement is correct; write F if the statement is not correct.
P and E selectins are expressed by endothelial cells. " "
TCRs consist of heavy and light chains. " "
A disulfide bond can be found on TCRs. " "
The antigen binding site in TCRs is contributed by the variable region of the H chain and the variable region of the light chain. " "
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Chapter 35 Solutions
Campbell Biology in Focus (2nd Edition)
Ch. 35.1 - Pus is both a sign of infection and an indicator...Ch. 35.1 - MAKE CONNECTIONS How do the molecules that...Ch. 35.1 - Prob. 3CCCh. 35.2 - Prob. 1CCCh. 35.2 - Explain how memory cells strengthen the immune...Ch. 35.2 - WHAT IF? If both copies of a light-chain gene and...Ch. 35.3 - Prob. 1CCCh. 35.3 - Prob. 2CCCh. 35.3 - Prob. 3CCCh. 35 - Prob. 1TYU
Ch. 35 - Prob. 2TYUCh. 35 - Prob. 3TYUCh. 35 - Prob. 4TYUCh. 35 - Prob. 5TYUCh. 35 - Prob. 6TYUCh. 35 - Prob. 7TYUCh. 35 - DRAW IT Consider a pencil-shaped protein with two...Ch. 35 - MAKE CONNECTIONS Contrast clonal selection with...Ch. 35 - Prob. 10TYUCh. 35 - FOCUS ON EVOLUTION Describe one invertebrate...Ch. 35 - Prob. 12TYUCh. 35 - Prob. 13TYU
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- B cells express a complement receptor that binds to C3b cleavage products, such as iC3b and C3dg. When a B cell with an antigen receptor that specifically recognizes that pathogen also has its complement receptor stimulated because the pathogen is opsonized with these C3 fragments, B cell activation is greatly enhanced. Due to this mechanism, B cells can be activated by much lower concentrations of antigen (in this case, the pathogen) than if the antigen is devoid of complement components. This mechanism functions to: Ensure that pathogens are readily detected by the adaptive immune system before they replicate to high levels in the host Prevent B cells from being activated in response to antigens that are not pathogens Allow B cells to phagocytose the pathogen and help destroy it Induce increased rounds of B cell replication to make more pathogen-specific B cells Allow the B cell to block pathogen replication by interfering with multiple pathogen surface functionsarrow_forwardHow are antibodies unique? Please discuss the structure of an antibody. What are the V and C regions? Discuss how the few hundred genes involved are capable of making endless amounts of antibodies. Besides medical treatment what is another way antibodies can be used?arrow_forwardDescribe in chronological order the steps involved in the recruitment of neutrophils to infected tissue sites during an innate immune response. Use the following terms in your description: rolling adhesion, tight binding, extravasation, migration, inflammatory mediators, integrins, adhesion molecules, chemokines, selectins, sialyl-Lewisx, and basement membrane proteases.arrow_forward
- Draw the structure of an antibody molecule(a typical IgG)and show how this structure enables it to bind to a specific antigen. Include the following terms in your diagranm: heavy chain (H chain), light chain (L chain), variable region, constant region, Fab, Fc, hinge and disulfide bonds.arrow_forwardConstruct a typical antibody (immunoglobulin) molecule. Label the variable and constant regions, and the light and heavy chains. Indicate which region determines the antibody’s isotype (class). Indicate which region determines its antigenic specificity.arrow_forwardCreate a concept map that describes antibodies using the following terms: Antibodies Agglutination Antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADDC) Antigens Antigen-stimulated B cells Complement activation IgA IgD IgE IgG IgM Inflammation Neutralization Phagocytosis Plasma cells Secreted immunoglobulinsarrow_forward
- Class II MHC proteins display what kind of antigens? What class of T cell recognizes antigens bound to class II MHC? What types of cells display these proteins?arrow_forwardWrite T if the statement is correct; write F if the statement is not correct. Antigen fragments that bind to MHC class I molecules are typically in endosomes. " " TAP1 and TAP2 are present on the plasma membrane of APCs. " " Proteasomes process antigens within the endoplasmic reticulum. " " Newly synthesized MHC class I molecules can be found within endosomes. " " Newly synthesized MHC class I α chains assemble in the ER with calnexin. " "arrow_forwardb) Figure 14 shows a part of acquired immune response. Pathogen P Antigen fragments MHC Antigen гесeptor. CD4 Helper T cell Activated helper T cell Figure 14 i) Describe the above process. II) Why do O and P have different pathways for antigen processing although the same antigen is identified? iii) What are the effects on P when activated helper T cell releases Q7arrow_forward
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