1 Units, Physical Quantities, And Vectors 2 Motion Along A Straight Line 3 Motion In Two Or Three Dimensions 4 Newton’s Laws Of Motion 5 Applying Newton’s Laws 6 Work And Kinetic Energy 7 Potential Energy And Energy Conservation 8 Momentum, Impulse, And Collisions 9 Rotation Of Rigid Bodies 10 Dynamics Of Rotational Motion 11 Equilibrium And Elasticity 12 Fluid Mechanics 13 Gravitation 14 Periodic Motion 15 Mechanical Waves 16 Sound And Hearing 17 Temperature And Heat 18 Thermal Properties Of Matter 19 The First Law Of Thermodynamics 20 The Second Law Of Thermodynamics 21 Electric Charge And Electric Field 22 Gauss’s Law 23 Electric Potential 24 Capacitance And Dielectrics 25 Current, Resistance, And Electromotive Force 26 Direct-current Circuits 27 Magnetic Field And Magnetic Forces 28 Sources Of Magnetic Field 29 Electromagnetic Induction 30 Inductance 31 Alternating Current 32 Electromagnetic Waves 33 The Nature And Propagation Of Light 34 Geometric Optics 35 Interference 36 Diffraction 37 Relativity 38 Photons: Light Waves Behaving As Particles 39 Particles Behaving As Waves 40 Quantum Mechanics I: Wave Functions 41 Quantum Mechanics Ii: Atomic Structure 42 Molecules And Condensed Matter 43 Nuclear Physics 44 Particle Physics And Cosmology expand_more
34.1 Reflection And Refraction At A Plane Surface 34.2 Reflection At A Spherical Surface 34.3 Refraction At A Spherical Surface 34.4 Thin Lenses 34.5 Cameras 34.6 The Eye 34.7 The Magnifier 34.8 Microscopes And Telescopes Chapter Questions expand_more
Problem 34.1DQ: A spherical mirror is cut in half horizontally. Will an image be formed by the bottom half of the... Problem 34.2DQ: For the situation shown in Fig. 34.3, is the image distance s positive or negative? Is the image... Problem 34.3DQ: The laws of optics also apply to electromagnetic waves invisible to the eye. A satellite TV dish is... Problem 34.4DQ: Explain why the focal length of a plane mirror is infinite, and explain what it means for the focal... Problem 34.5DQ: If a spherical mirror is immersed in water, does its focal length change? Explain. Problem 34.6DQ: For what range of object positions does a concave spherical mirror form a real image? What about a... Problem 34.7DQ: When a room has mirrors on two opposite walls, an infinite series of reflections can be seen.... Problem 34.8DQ: For a spherical mirror, if s = f, then s = , and the lateral magnification m is infinite. Does this... Problem 34.9DQ: You may have noticed a small convex mirror next to your banks ATM. Why is this mirror convex, as... Problem 34.10DQ: A student claims that she can start a fire on a sunny day using just the suns rays and a concave... Problem 34.11DQ: A person looks at his reflection in the concave side of a shiny spoon. Is it right side up or... Problem 34.12DQ: In Example 34.4 (Section 34.2), there appears to be an ambiguity for the case s = 10 cm as to... Problem 34.13DQ Problem 34.14DQ: The bottom of the passenger-side mirror on your car notes, Objects in mirror are closer than they... Problem 34.15DQ: How could you very quickly make an approximate measurement of the focal length of a converging lens?... Problem 34.16DQ: The focal length of a simple lens depends on the color (wavelength) of light passing through it.... Problem 34.17DQ: When a converging lens is immersed in water, does its focal length increase or decrease in... Problem 34.18DQ: A spherical air bubble in water can function as a lens. Is it a converging or diverging lens? How is... Problem 34.19DQ: Can an image formed by one reflecting or refracting surface serve as an object for a second... Problem 34.20DQ: If a piece of photographic film is placed at the location of a real image, the film will record the... Problem 34.21DQ: According to the discussion in Section 34.2, light rays are reversible. Are the formulas in the... Problem 34.22DQ: Youve entered a survival contest that will include building a crude telescope. You are given a large... Problem 34.23DQ: BIO You cant see clearly underwater with the naked eye, but you can if you wear a face mask or... Problem 34.24DQ Problem 34.1E: A candle 4.85 cm tall is 39.2 cm to the left of a plane mirror. Where is the image formed by the... Problem 34.2E: The image of a tree just covers the length of a plane mirror 4.00 cm tall when the mirror is held... Problem 34.3E: A pencil that is 9.0 cm long is held perpendicular to the surface of a plane mirror with the tip of... Problem 34.4E: A concave mirror has a radius of curvature of 34.0 cm. (a) What is its focal length? (b) If the... Problem 34.5E: An object 0.600 cm tall is placed 16.5 cm to the left of the vertex of a concave spherical mirror... Problem 34.6E: An object 0.600 cm tall is placed 16.5 cm to the left of the vertex of a concave spherical mirror... Problem 34.7E: The diameter of Mars is 6794 km, and its minimum distance from the earth is 5.58 107 km. When Mars... Problem 34.8E: An object is 18.0 cm from the center of a spherical silvered-glass Christmas tree ornament 6.00 cm... Problem 34.9E Problem 34.10E: You hold a spherical salad bowl 60 cm in front of your face with the bottom of the bowl facing you.... Problem 34.11E: A spherical, concave shaving mirror has a radius of curvature of 32.0 cm. (a) What is the... Problem 34.12E: For a concave spherical mirror that has focal length f = +18.0 cm, what is the distance of an object... Problem 34.13E: Dental Mirror. A dentist uses a curved mirror to view teeth on the upper side of the mouth. Suppose... Problem 34.14E: For a convex spherical mirror that has focal length f = 12.0 cm, what is the distance of an object... Problem 34.15E: The thin glass shell shown in Fig. E34.15 has a spherical shape with a radius of curvature of 12.0... Problem 34.16E: A tank whose bottom is a minor is filled with water to a depth of 20.0 cm. A small fish floats... Problem 34.17E: A speck of dirt is embedded 3.50 cm below the surface of a sheet of ice (n = 1.309). What is its... Problem 34.18E: A transparent liquid fills a cylindrical tank to a depth of 3.60 m. There is air above the liquid.... Problem 34.19E: A person swimming 0.80 m below the surface of the water in a swimming pool looks at the diving board... Problem 34.20E: A person is lying on a diving board 3.00 m above the surface of the water in a swimming pool. She... Problem 34.21E: A Spherical Fish Bowl. A small tropical fish is at the center of a water-tilled, spherical fish bowl... Problem 34.22E: The left end of a long glass rod 6.00 cm in diameter has a convex hemispherical surface 3.00 cm in... Problem 34.23E Problem 34.24E Problem 34.25E: Repeat Exercise 34.24 for the case in which the end of the rod is ground to a concave hemispherical... Problem 34.26E Problem 34.27E: An insect 3.75 mm tall is placed 22.5 cm to the left of a thin planoconvex lens. The left surface of... Problem 34.28E: A lens forms an image of an object. The object is 16.0 cm from the lens. The image is 12.0 cm from... Problem 34.29E: A converging meniscus lens (see Fig. 34.32a) with a refractive index of 1.52 has spherical surfaces... Problem 34.30E: A converging lens with a focal length of 70.0 cm forms an image of a 3.20-cm-tall real object that... Problem 34.31E: A converging lens forms an image of an 8.00-mm-tall real object. The image is 12.0 cm lo the left of... Problem 34.32E: A photographic slide is to the left of a lens. The lens projects an image of the slide onto a wall... Problem 34.33E: A double-convex thin lens has surfaces with equal radii of curvature of magnitude 2.50 cm. Using... Problem 34.34E: A converging lens with a focal length of 9.00 cm forms an image of a 4.00-mm-tall real object that... Problem 34.35E: BIO The Cornea As a Simple Lens. The cornea behaves as a thin lens of focal length approximately 1.8... Problem 34.36E: A lensmaker wants to make a magnifying glass from glass that has an index of refraction n = 1.55 and... Problem 34.37E: For each thin lens shown in Fig. E34.37, calculate the location of the image of an object that is... Problem 34.38E: A converging lens with a focal length of 12.0 cm forms a virtual image 8.00 mm tall, 17.0 cm to the... Problem 34.39E: Repeat Exercise 34.38 for the case in which the lens is diverging, with a focal length of 48.0 cm. Problem 34.40E: An object is 16.0 cm to the left of a lens. The lens forms an image 36.0 cm to the right of the... Problem 34.41E: Combination of Lenses I. A 1.20-cm-tall object is 50.0 cm to the left of a converging lens of focal... Problem 34.42E: Combination of Lenses II. Repeat Exercise 34.41 using the same lenses except for the following... Problem 34.43E: Combination of Lenses III. Two thin lenses with a focal length of magnitude 12.0 cm, the first... Problem 34.44E: BIO The Lens or the Eye. The crystalline lens of the human eye is a double-convex lens made of... Problem 34.45E: A camera lens has a focal length of 200 mm. How far from the lens should the subject for the photo... Problem 34.46E: You wish to project the image of a slide on a screen 9.00 m from the lens of a slide projector. (a)... Problem 34.47E: When a camera is focused, the lens is moved away from or toward the digital image sensor. If you... Problem 34.48E: Zoom Lens. Consider the simple model of the zoom lens shown in Fig. 34.43a. The converging lens has... Problem 34.49E: A camera lens has a focal length of 180.0 mm and an aperture diameter of 16.36 mm. (a) What is the... Problem 34.50E: BIO Curvature of the Cornea. In a simplified model of the human eye, the aqueous and vitreous humors... Problem 34.51E: BIO (a) Where is the near point of an eye for which a contact lens with a power of +2.75 diopters is... Problem 34.52E: BIO Contact Lenses. Contact lenses are placed right on the eyeball, so the distance from the eye to... Problem 34.53E: BIO Ordinary Glasses. Ordinary glasses are worn in front of the eye and usually 2.0 cm in front of... Problem 34.54E: BIO A person can see clearly up close but cannot focus on objects beyond 75.0 cm. She opts for... Problem 34.55E: BIO If the person in Exercise 34.54 chooses ordinary glasses over contact lenses, what power lens... Problem 34.56E: A thin lens with a focal length of 6.00 cm is used as a simple magnifier. (a) What angular... Problem 34.57E: The focal length of a simple magnifier is 8.00 cm. Assume the magnifier is a thin lens placed very... Problem 34.58E: You want to view through a magnifier an insect that is 2.00 mm long. If the insect is to be at the... Problem 34.59E: The focal length of the eyepiece of a certain microscope is 18.0 mm. The focal length of the... Problem 34.60E: Resolution of a Microscope. The image formed by a microscope objective with a focal length of 5.00... Problem 34.61E: A telescope is constructed from two lenses with focal lengths of 95.0 cm and 15.0 cm, the 95.0-cm... Problem 34.62E: The eyepiece of a refracting telescope (see Fig. 34.53) has a focal length of 9.00 cm. The distance... Problem 34.63E: A reflecting telescope (Fig. E34.63) is to be made by using a spherical mirror with a radius of... Problem 34.64P: What is the size of the smallest vertical plane mirror in which a woman of height h can see her... Problem 34.65P: If you run away from a plane mirror at 3.60 m/s, at what speed does your image move away from you? Problem 34.66P: Where must you place an object in front of a concave mirror with radius R so that the image is erect... Problem 34.67P Problem 34.68P: A light bulb is 3.00 m from a wall. You are to use a concave mirror to project an image of the bulb... Problem 34.69P: CP CALC You are in your car driving on a highway at 25 m/s when you glance in the passenger-side... Problem 34.70P: A layer of benzene (n = 1.50) that is 4.20 cm deep floats on water (n = 1.33) that is 5.70 cm deep.... Problem 34.71P: Rear-View Mirror. A mirror on the passenger side of your car is convex and has a radius of curvature... Problem 34.72P: Figure P34.72 shows a small plant near a thin lens. The ray shown is one of the principal rays for... Problem 34.73P: Pinhole Camera. A pinhole camera is just a rectangular box with a tiny hole in one face. The film is... Problem 34.74P Problem 34.75P Problem 34.76P: A Glass Rod. Both ends of a glass rod with index of refraction 1.60 are ground and polished to... Problem 34.77P: (a) You want to use a lens with a focal length of 35.0 cm to produce a real image of an object, with... Problem 34.78P: Autocollimation. You place an object alongside a white screen, and a plane mirror is 60.0 cm to the... Problem 34.79P: A lens forms a real image that is 214 cm away from the object and 223 times its height. What kind of... Problem 34.80P: Figure P34.80 shows an object and its image formed by a thin lens. (a) What is the focal length of... Problem 34.81P: Figure P34.81 shows an object and its image formed by a thin lens. (a) What is the focal length of... Problem 34.82P: A transparent rod 30.0 cm long is cut flat at one end and rounded to a hemispherical surface of... Problem 34.83P: BIO Focus of the Eye. The cornea of the eye has a radius of curvature of approximately 0.50 cm. and... Problem 34.84P: The radii of curvature of the surfaces of a thin converging meniscus lens are R1 = +12.0 cm and R2 =... Problem 34.85P: An object to the left of a lens is imaged by the lens on a screen 30.0 cm to the right of the lens.... Problem 34.86P: An object is placed 22.0 cm from a screen. (a) At what two points between object and screen may a... Problem 34.87P: A convex mirror and a concave mirror are placed on the same optic axis, separated by a distance L =... Problem 34.88P: A screen is placed a distance d to the right of an object. A converging lens with focal length f is... Problem 34.89P: As shown in Fig. P34.89, the candle is at the center of curvature of the concave mirror, whose focal... Problem 34.90P: Two Lenses in Contact. (a) Prove that when two thin lenses with focal lengths f1, and f2 are placed... Problem 34.91P: When an object is placed at the proper distance to the left of a converging lens, the image is... Problem 34.92P: (a) Repeat the derivation of Eq. (34.19) for the case in which the lens is totally immersed in a... Problem 34.93P: A convex spherical mirror with a focal length of magnitude 24.0 cm is placed 20.0 cm to the left of... Problem 34.94P: BIO What Is the Smallest Thing We Can See? The smallest object we can resolve with our eye is... Problem 34.95P: Three thin lenses, each with a focal length of 40.0 cm, are aligned on a common axis; adjacent... Problem 34.96P: A camera with a 90-mm-focal-length lens is focused on an object 1.30 m from the lens. To refocus on... Problem 34.97P: BIO In one form of cataract surgery the persons natural lens, which has become cloudy, is replaced... Problem 34.98P: BIO A Nearsighted Eye. A certain very nearsighted person cannot focus on anything farther than 36.0... Problem 34.99P: BIO A person with a near point of 85 cm, but excellent distant vision, normally wears corrective... Problem 34.100P: The Galilean Telescope. Figure P34.100 is a diagram of a Galilean telescope, or opera glass, with... Problem 34.101P: Focal Length of a Zoom Lens. Figure P34.101 shows a simple version of a zoom lens. The converging... Problem 34.102P: DATA In setting up an experiment for a high school biology lab, you use a concave spherical mirror... Problem 34.103P: DATA It is your first day at work as a summer intern at an optics company. Your supervisor hands you... Problem 34.104P Problem 34.105CP: CALC (a) For a lens with focal length f, find the smallest distance possible between the object and... Problem 34.106CP: An Object at an Angle. A 16.0-cm-long pencil is placed at a 45.0 angle, with its center 15.0 cm... Problem 34.107CP: BIO People with normal vision cannot focus their eyes underwater if they arent wearing a face mask... Problem 34.108PP: BIO AMPHIBIAN VISION. The eyes of amphibians such as frogs have a much flatter cornea but a more... Problem 34.109PP: BIO AMPHIBIAN VISION. The eyes of amphibians such as frogs have a much flatter cornea but a more... Problem 34.110PP: Given that frogs are nearsighted in air, which statement is most likely to be true about their... Problem 34.111PP: BIO AMPHIBIAN VISION. The eyes of amphibians such as frogs have a much flatter cornea but a more... format_list_bulleted