Campbell Biology in Focus
3rd Edition
ISBN: 9780134710679
Author: Lisa A. Urry, Michael L. Cain, Steven A. Wasserman, Peter V. Minorsky, Rebecca Orr
Publisher: PEARSON
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Textbook Question
Chapter 3.3, Problem 3CC
WHAT IF? After a cow is given antibiotics to treat an infection, a vet gives the animal a drink of “gut culture” containing various prokaryotes. Why is this necessary?
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Microbiologists debate the use of biochemical similarities and cell features as a way of determining the taxonomic relationships among prokaryotes. Explain why some microbiologists believe these similarities and differences are a powerful taxonomic indicator, whereas others think they are not very useful for that purpose.
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Prokaryotes can live in many different environments. Anerobic organisms need oxygen to survive, while aerobic organisms can survive without oxygen. Autotrophs are organisms that can assemble high energy macromolecules for their energy. Chemotrophs are organisms that capture energy from light. Extremophiles are organisms that grow in extreme conditions like boiling water.
Gram-positive bacteria have few layers of peptidoglycan, while gram-negative bacteria have many layers of peptidoglycan and are surrounded by an outer membrane.
Harmful bacteria can cause illness like food poisoning. Helpful bacteria can be used in food production to make yogurt.
The endosymbiotic theory states that some of the organelles in eukaryotes were once free living prokaryotes. This is supported by the mitochondria and cytoplasm since they have their own DNA and ribosomes.
Harmful protists can cause diseases like malaria in humans and downy mildew in plants. Helpful protists can be…
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Chapter 3 Solutions
Campbell Biology in Focus
Ch. 3.1 - How are gasoline and fat chemically similar?Ch. 3.1 - Which molecules in Figure 3.4a re isomers? For...Ch. 3.1 - Prob. 3CCCh. 3.1 - Prob. 4CCCh. 3.2 - How many molecules of water are needed to...Ch. 3.2 - WHAT IF? Suppose you eat a serving of fish. What...Ch. 3.3 - Write the formula for a monosaccharide that has...Ch. 3.3 - A dehydration reaction joins two glucose molecules...Ch. 3.3 - WHAT IF? After a cow is given antibiotics to treat...Ch. 3.4 - Compare the structure of a fat (triglyceride) with...
Ch. 3.4 - Why are human sex hormones considered lipids?Ch. 3.4 - Prob. 3CCCh. 3.5 - Why does a denatured protein no longer function...Ch. 3.5 - What parts of a polypeptide participate in the...Ch. 3.5 - WHAT IF? Where would you expect a polypeptide...Ch. 3.6 - DRAW IT Go to Figure 3.27a and, for the top three...Ch. 3.6 - Prob. 2CCCh. 3.7 - How would sequencing the entire genome of an...Ch. 3.7 - Given the function of DNA, why would you expect...Ch. 3 - Which functional group is not present in this...Ch. 3 - MAKE CONNECTIONS Which chemical group is most...Ch. 3 - Prob. 3TYUCh. 3 - Which of the following statements concerning...Ch. 3 - Prob. 5TYUCh. 3 - The structural level of a protein least a fleeted...Ch. 3 - Enzymes that break down DNA catalyze the...Ch. 3 - Prob. 8TYUCh. 3 - The molecular formula for glucose is C6H12O6. What...Ch. 3 - Construct a table that organizes the following...Ch. 3 - Prob. 11TYUCh. 3 - Prob. 12TYUCh. 3 - FOCUS ON ORGANIZATION Proteins, which have diverse...Ch. 3 - Prob. 14TYUCh. 3 - SYNTHESIZE YOUR KNOWLEDGE Given that the function...
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- Many of the first prokaryotes to be cultured in a scientific lab were human or animal pathogens. Why would these species he more readily cultured than non-pathogenic prokaryotes? Pathogenic prokaryotes are hardier than non-pathogenic prokaryotes Non-pathogenic prokaryotes require more supplements in their growth media Most of the necessary culture conditions could be inferred for pathogenic prokaryotes Pathogenic bacteria can grow as free bacteria, but non-pathogenic bacteria only grow as parts of large colonies.arrow_forwardWhich of these statements is true? An antibiotic is any substance produced by a organism that is antagonistic to the growth of prokaryotes An antibiotic is any substance produced by a prokaryote that is antagonistic to the growth of other viruses An antibiotic is any substance produced by a prokaryote that is antagonistic to the growth of eukaryotic cells An antibiotic is any substance produced by a prokaryote that prevents growth of the same prokaryote.arrow_forwardWHAT IF? How might a sudden and dramatic change inyour diet affect the diversity of prokaryotic species thatlive in your digestive tract?arrow_forward
- B. E- D C A Cell cytoplasm Cell cytoplasm Bacterial Cell A Bacterial Cell B A cross-section of the cell envelope of two bacterial cells, A and B, are shown in the figure. Which label is matched with the correct structure A) O Structure A: peptidoglycan B) O Structure B: teichoic acid C) O Structure C: lipoprotein D) O Structure D: capsule E) O Structure E: S layer Cell exterior Cell exteriorarrow_forwardIS IT A FACT OR A BLUFF? 1. Bacterial genetic material is composed single stranded DNA as compared to human DNA which is double stranded. 2. Just like humans, all microbes need oxygen to grow and reproduce. 3. There are no living microbes in volcanic vent and in hot spring because microbes die at very high temperature. 4. Most bacteria growth is retarded at low temperature. 5. Bacterial ATP production happens in the mitochondria which is the powerhouse of the cell. After identifying your answer whether fact or bluff, you need to give justification to your answer. You Justification should be given in not more that 50 words.arrow_forwardHelping tags: Biology, microbiology, Vibrio spp. It's a common practice in some countries to eat 'kinilaw na talaba' (oyster ceviche), which is raw oysters usually marinated in vinegar, salt, pepper, etc. Is marination sufficient to kill vibrios in the oyster and make the meal completely safe to eat? Why or why not? Defend your answer. WILL UPVOTE, just pls help me answer the question and explain it well.arrow_forward
- Escherichia Coli Physiology: Describe the cell physiology. What does the cell envelope look like? What is found in the cell itself? How do these features help it survive and grow where it lives?arrow_forwardNeed help In a micro lab there are various staining procedures, different microscopes, and media that are used to grow, test, and view microbes. Imagine you are a microbiologist explaining an aspect of the prokaryote and how to work with it in the lab. The options for discussion are endless, its just a matter of tying the two topics together. For example: for an acid fast cell wall requires a specialized stain, and then a microscope to view.arrow_forwardMERE KFRI Strand 2: Life processes in plants and animals Questions on cellular respiration 1. Give the correct biological term for each of the following descriptions: a) the general energy carrier in cells b) animals that maintain a constant body temperature despite the outside temperature c) the first stage of aerobic respiration, which occurs in the cytoplasm d) the second stage of aerobic respiration, which occurs in the mitochondria e) type of anaerobic respiration that occurs in animals f) the third and last stage of aerobic respiration, which occurs in the mitochondria g) the additional amount of oxygen that the body needs after exercise to get rid of the lactic acid in the muscles h) the apparatus that can be used to investigate the effect of different factors on the rate of aerobic respiration. Tho following diagram illustrates an actively respiring muscle cell.arrow_forward
- VISUALIZE Draw a simple sketch illustrating the way in which aerobic bacteria are hypothesized to have become incorporated into an original prokaryotic host cell.arrow_forwardExplain why E is the correct choice. In eukaryotes, after the ribosomes complete a synthesis, one might expect a) a new protein molecule to appear inside the ER b) a protein to insert into the cell membrane, c) and increase in the amount of enzyme in the cell organelles, d) the primary, secondary and tertiary levels of protein structure would form inside the ER. e) All are possible.arrow_forwardThank you very much for your help How does each of the differences between prokaryotes and eukaryotes influence bacterial infection and treatment?arrow_forward
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