21st Century Astronomy (fifth Edition)
5th Edition
ISBN: 9780393603330
Author: Laura Kay, Stacy Palen, George Blumenthal
Publisher: W. W. Norton & Company
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Chapter 3.3, Problem 3.5CYU
To determine
The model that Galileo’s astronomical observations did Copernicus’s model explain better than Ptolemy’s.
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1. The average orbital distance of Mars is 1.52 times the average orbital
distance of the Earth. Knowing that the Earth orbits the sun in approximately
365 days, use Kepler's law of harmonies to predict the time for Mars to orbit the sun.
Which of the following was NOT done by Galileo Galilei?
A. discovering four large moons around Jupiter
B. turning the telescope to the sky and believing what it showed his eyes
C. explaining retrograde motion with the heliocentric hypothesis
D. resolving the Milky Way into many, many stars
E. discovering that Venus goes through phases (like the Moon)
1. Mars takes 1.88 years to complete one orbit around the sun. What is its average distance from the sun?
Chapter 3 Solutions
21st Century Astronomy (fifth Edition)
Ch. 3.1 - Prob. 3.1CYUCh. 3.1 - Prob. 3.2CYUCh. 3.2 - Prob. 3.3CYUCh. 3.2 - Prob. 3.4CYUCh. 3.3 - Prob. 3.5CYUCh. 3.4 - Prob. 3.6CYUCh. 3 - Prob. 1QPCh. 3 - Prob. 2QPCh. 3 - Prob. 3QPCh. 3 - Prob. 4QP
Ch. 3 - Prob. 5QPCh. 3 - Prob. 6QPCh. 3 - Prob. 7QPCh. 3 - Prob. 8QPCh. 3 - Prob. 9QPCh. 3 - Prob. 10QPCh. 3 - Prob. 11QPCh. 3 - Prob. 12QPCh. 3 - Prob. 13QPCh. 3 - Prob. 14QPCh. 3 - Prob. 15QPCh. 3 - Prob. 16QPCh. 3 - Prob. 17QPCh. 3 - Prob. 18QPCh. 3 - Prob. 19QPCh. 3 - Prob. 20QPCh. 3 - Prob. 21QPCh. 3 - Prob. 22QPCh. 3 - Prob. 23QPCh. 3 - Prob. 24QPCh. 3 - Prob. 25QPCh. 3 - Prob. 26QPCh. 3 - Prob. 27QPCh. 3 - Prob. 28QPCh. 3 - Prob. 29QPCh. 3 - Prob. 30QPCh. 3 - Prob. 31QPCh. 3 - Prob. 32QPCh. 3 - Prob. 33QPCh. 3 - Prob. 34QPCh. 3 - Prob. 35QPCh. 3 - Prob. 36QPCh. 3 - Prob. 37QPCh. 3 - Prob. 38QPCh. 3 - Prob. 39QPCh. 3 - Prob. 40QPCh. 3 - Prob. 41QPCh. 3 - Prob. 42QPCh. 3 - Prob. 43QPCh. 3 - Prob. 44QPCh. 3 - Prob. 45QP
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- 7. The brightest four moons of Jupiter were discovered by Galileo with one of his earliest telescopes. These moons, lo, Europa, Ganymede, and Callisto, are called the Galilean moons in his honour. Some of the available data about these moons are given below. MOON r (km) V T (earthyears) 0.004837 lo a. Europa Ganymede Callisto 4.219 x 105 6.712 x 105 1.853 x 106 0.0195884 The radii are from the centre of Jupiter to the centre of the moon in question. One earth year has 365 days. Using the data for above, find the mass of Jupiter. Be specific as to which line of data was used and why. Show all work.arrow_forward12. Which of the following lists of people contains three people who each supported a heliocentric model of the Universe? a. Copernicus, Kepler, Galileo. b. Ptolemy, Tycho, Kepler. c. Aristarchus, Plato, Ptolemy. d. Aristotle, Ptolemy, Plato.arrow_forwardThe planet in the orbit shown in the drawing obeys Kepler s 2nd Law. B During which of the portions of the planet's orbit would the planet experience an increase in speed for at least one moment? A. Only during one of the portions shown. B. During two of the portions shown. C. During three of the portions shown. D. During four of the portions shown. O E. None of the above.arrow_forward
- 1. How does the speed of revolution depend on its distance from the sun? 2. How were tycho brahe's observaions used by kepler to produce his laws of planetary motion?arrow_forward2. How did Copernicus defend his model against the Ptolemaic system that was widely accepted at the time? 3. Why did Copernicus fail to prove that the earth revolves around the sun? 4. What were the contributions of Galileo in proving the validity of the heliocentric model? 5. How new observation (e.g. Those made by Galileo) can lead to change in a way we view natural phenomena.arrow_forward19. According to Isaac Newton, the value of the constant, k, in Kepler's Third Law (P2 = ka3) is dependent on which one of the following quantities for objects within the Solar System? a. The distance between the Sun and its planet. b. The mass of the planet. c. The electric charge of the Sun. d. The mass of the Sun.arrow_forward
- Which statement describes the sun's position relative to planetary orbits? A. The sun is at the center of each planet's circular orbit. B. The sun is midway between the foci of each planet's elliptical orbit. C. The sun is one focus of each planet's elliptical orbit. D. The sun alternates between the two foci of planetary orbits.arrow_forwardTRUE OR FALSE 1. Ptolemy elaborated theories for each of the planets, as well as for the Sun and Moon. 2. Several of Tycho’s observations contradicted Aristotle’s system: a nova that appeared in 1572. 3. The line between a planet and the earth sweeps out equal areas in equal periods. 4. The planets travel around the Sun in elliptical orbits. 5. The square of a planet's period, T, is directly proportional to the cube of its average distance from the Earth.arrow_forwardWhat is Kepler's first law of planetary motion? The period of a planet's orbit is proportional to its distance from the sun. Planets have circular orbits. Planets have elliptical orbits. The eccentricity of a planet's orbit is proportional to its distance from the sun.arrow_forward
- 2. Outline Kepler's three lawsarrow_forward8. The mean distance of Earth from the Sun is 149.6 x 10° km and the mean distance of Mercury from the Sun is 57.9 x 10° km. The period of Earth's revolutions is 1 year, what is the period of Mercury's revolution? a. 0.24 year on Earth b. 0.42 year on Earth C. 1.13 year on Earth d. 1.31 year on Earth 9. The planet Delta has 2 times the gravitational field strength and 3 times the radius of Earth. How does the mass of the planet Delta compare with the mass of Earth?arrow_forwardWhy did Kepler need Tycho Brahe’s data to formulate his laws?arrow_forward
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