Biology (MindTap Course List)
11th Edition
ISBN: 9781337392938
Author: Eldra Solomon, Charles Martin, Diana W. Martin, Linda R. Berg
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 32.8, Problem 11LO
Summary Introduction
To describe: The five key characters of mammals and to contrast the protherian, metatherian, and eutherian mammals accordingly with examples of animals that belong to each group.
Concept introduction: In the late Devonian era, the aquatic vertebrates evolved to form terrestrial animals. This adaptation is an important step towards the evolution of modern terrestrial vertebrates. By the end of Cretaceous era, the mammals had evolved from amniotic ancestors.
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Pair the words with the right description: Mammalia , Testudines, Rhynchocephalia, Amniota Tetrapoda,Cryptodira, Reptilia ,Squamata, Crocodylia, Pleurodira, Lepidosauria,Archosauria,Crocodiles, Anura
The oldest lineage of extant reptiles.
This clade is the sister taxon to reptiles.
Adults are terrestrial and nocturnal, while the young are diurnal.
Larval forms of most species are herbivorous while adults are insectivorous/carnivorous.
The closest living relatives of avian reptiles.
They are known as the "side necked" turtles.
Have elongate, tapering snouts and, with the mouth closed, the 4th tooth on the lower jaw is visible.
Most diverse and speciose clade of reptiles.
Adults of this taxon are known to be cannibalistic on younger individuals.
Possess teeth set in bony sockets and replace teeth throughout their lives.
Males in this taxon have paired copulatory organs and movable quadrate bone in the skull.
Members of this order…
Draw a cladogram for the animals: Amphioxus; Lamprey; an osteostracan( derived ostracoderm); Reef shark;African lungfish and cichlid ( teleost fish)
and label the cladogram with the following clades and characters
Clade:Chordata; Vertebrata; Gnathostomata; Chondrichthyes 5. Osteichthyes (bony fishes); Sarcopterygii (lobe-finned fishes) and Actinopterygii (ray-finned fishes)
Characters: Notochord; Muscular pharynx; Dermal bone; Pectoral fins • Jaw; Pelvic fins; Endochondral bone; Lobed fins and 7 clusters of Hox genes
Explain how a cladistic classification for the vertebrates produces important regroupings of the traditional vertebrate taxa (refer to Figure 23.2). Why are Agnatha and Reptilia, as traditionally recognized, inconsistent with cladistic principles?
Chapter 32 Solutions
Biology (MindTap Course List)
Ch. 32.1 - Prob. 1LOCh. 32.1 - Prob. 1CCh. 32.2 - Identify three shared derived characters of...Ch. 32.2 - Prob. 1CCh. 32.2 - Prob. 2CCh. 32.3 - Describe characteristics of chordates, including...Ch. 32.3 - What are four shared derived characters of...Ch. 32.3 - Prob. 2CCh. 32.3 - Prob. 3CCh. 32.4 - Prob. 4LO
Ch. 32.4 - Prob. 1CCh. 32.4 - If you found a small fishlike animal along the...Ch. 32.5 - Prob. 5LOCh. 32.5 - Prob. 6LOCh. 32.5 - Prob. 1CCh. 32.5 - Prob. 2CCh. 32.6 - Prob. 7LOCh. 32.6 - Prob. 1CCh. 32.7 - Prob. 8LOCh. 32.7 - Prob. 1CCh. 32.7 - Prob. 2CCh. 32.8 - Describe three vertebrate adaptations to...Ch. 32.8 - Prob. 10LOCh. 32.8 - Prob. 11LOCh. 32.8 - Prob. 1CCh. 32.8 - Prob. 2CCh. 32.8 - Prob. 3CCh. 32.8 - Prob. 4CCh. 32 - Test Your Understanding 1.Which of the following...Ch. 32 - Test Your Understanding 2.Which of the following...Ch. 32 - Test Your Understanding 3.A shark is characterized...Ch. 32 - Test Your Understanding 4.Which of the following...Ch. 32 - Test Your Understanding 5.Reptiles (a) are all...Ch. 32 - Test Your Understanding 6.Which of the following...Ch. 32 - Test Your Understanding 7.Which of the following...Ch. 32 - Test Your Understanding 8.VISUALIZE Draw a simple...Ch. 32 - Test Your Understanding 9.EVOLUTION LINK Sea...Ch. 32 - Test Your Understanding 10.EVOLUTION LINK Most...Ch. 32 - Test Your Understanding 11.EVOLUTION LINK Discuss...Ch. 32 - Prob. 12TYUCh. 32 - Prob. 13TYU
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- Make a table separating the animals based on the physical properties such as: I. Presence or absence of a backbone II. Ability to breathe in air or water III. Cold or warm blooded IV. Carnivore, herbivore, or omnivore V. Presence or absence of hair/fur VI. Any other external structure such as horns After that, construct a phylogenetic tree (example is on the picture I uploaded)arrow_forwardGive certain primitive characters with all members of kingdom Animalia (adapted from Krempels and Lee, 2013). List five primitive characters all humans share with all other animals, but not with any other living things.arrow_forwardDraw a simple cladogram illustrating the evolutionary relationships among extant mammals (marsupials, eutherians, and monotremes). Include the following characters in your cladogram: well-developed placenta, vivipary,endothermy, marsupium, hairarrow_forward
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- Make a phylogenetic tree about: Amphioxus; Lamprey; an osteostracan( derived ostracoderm); Reef shark;African lungfish and cichlid ( teleost fish) and label the cladogram with the following clades and characters Clade:Chordata; Vertebrata; Gnathostomata; Chondrichthyes 5. Osteichthyes (bony fishes); Sarcopterygii (lobe-finned fishes) and Actinopterygii (ray-finned fishes) Characters: Notochord; Muscular pharynx; Dermal bone; Pectoral fins • Jaw; Pelvic fins; Endochondral bone; Lobed fins and 7 clusters of Hox genes Amphioxus; Lamprey; an osteostracan( derived ostracoderm); Reef shark;African lungfish and cichlid ( teleost fish) and label the cladogram with the following clades and characters Clade:Chordata; Vertebrata; Gnathostomata; Chondrichthyes 5. Osteichthyes (bony fishes); Sarcopterygii (lobe-finned fishes) and Actinopterygii (ray-finned fishes) Characters: Notochord; Muscular pharynx; Dermal bone; Pectoral fins • Jaw; Pelvic fins; Endochondral bone;…arrow_forwardDiscuss the traits in the body (not head/skull) that define Primates and set them apart from other mammal groups.arrow_forwardWhich of the following statements is true based on the phylogeny shown in the figure? Mammalia Theria undefined Eutheria Monotremata Metatheria Rodentia Primates Artiodactyla Carnivora Canidae Felidae Felidae are members are the Carnivora clade, but not the Theria clade. Primates are members of the Eutheria and Mammalia clades. Rodents are members of the Eutheria and Carnivora clades. Monotremata are members of the Eutheria and Mammalia clades.arrow_forward
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