Biological Science (6th Edition)
6th Edition
ISBN: 9780321976499
Author: Scott Freeman, Kim Quillin, Lizabeth Allison, Michael Black, Emily Taylor, Greg Podgorski, Jeff Carmichael
Publisher: PEARSON
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Concept explainers
Question
Chapter 32, Problem 11PIAT
Summary Introduction
To review:
A hypothesis to explain the origin of mammalian ear bones.
Introduction:
The cynodont is the most diverse group of animals that includes mammals and their ancestors. In the Triassic cynodont, the ear bone was the part of the jawbone.
Expert Solution & Answer
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solutionStudents have asked these similar questions
Mammals have a particularly good sense of earing thanks to their inner ear which includes three tiny bones. Reptiles, in contrast, have a single inner ear bone. The lower jaw of reptiles is composed of multiple bones while the lower jaw of mammals is a single bone. Fossil and developmental evidence indicate that the inner ear bones of mammals evolved from lower jawbones. This suggests that the inner ear bones of mammals are
1. an analogy
2. an exaptation
3. a living fossil
4. a transitional trait
5. a vestigial structure
Only mammals possess 3 ossicles in the ear? TRUE OR FALSE?
Briefly describe why some vertebrates can hear. Why is this an important evolutionary adaptation?
Chapter 32 Solutions
Biological Science (6th Edition)
Ch. 32 - True or false? Both echinoderms and vertebrates...Ch. 32 - 2. What trait(s) define(s) the vertebrates?
a....Ch. 32 - The two major lineages that make up the living...Ch. 32 - Most species of hominins are known only from...Ch. 32 - Mammals and birds are both endothermic. Which...Ch. 32 - MODEL Sketch a simple model of a generic chordate...Ch. 32 - 7. There is some evidence that pharyngeal slits...Ch. 32 - MODEL Draw a phylogeny of modem humans that would...Ch. 32 - 9. Consider the evolution of protostomes (Chapter...Ch. 32 - 10. MODEL Genetic diversity in living human...
Ch. 32 - Prob. 11PIATCh. 32 - CAUTION How is the opossum related to you? a. An...Ch. 32 - 13. Gene expression patterns can be used to test...Ch. 32 - 14. PROCESS OF SCIENCE Researchers studied mice...Ch. 32 - 15. The image of the opossum skull shows that the...Ch. 32 - Evolution often results in the co-option of a...
Knowledge Booster
Learn more about
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- What is the function of the three ossicles shown in blue (10, 12, 13)? ear with labels colorful.png a. amplify the motion created by sound waves hitting the tympanic membrane (ear drum) and conveying that to the labyrinth's little oval window, causing fluid to slosh inside the cochlea B . move when the tympanic membrane (ear drum) moves, creating pressure waves in the middle ear that feed down into the pharynx and combine with sound wave information from our jaws C. When the tympanic membrane (ear drum) moves, their mechanoreceptors are activated to send neural impulses to the brain about the sound wave intensities (loudness) D. they equalize the pressure inside the ear to protect the delicate sensory cells inside the inner eararrow_forwardAside from outer pinna, what structures do mammals have in their ears that reptiles and birds do not?arrow_forwardResearchers have linked the release of airbags in cars to impaired hearing. When an airbag is released, there is a rapid increase in air pressure, which can damage the inner ear. Structures of the Human Ear 1 Ossicles 2 Cochlea 3 Auditory canal 4 Tympanic membrane 3. The sequence in which the highly compressed pressure waves created by the an airbag travel through the structures of the human ear is release andarrow_forward
- evolution questionarrow_forwardThe sensory organ for hearing and equilibrium in the human is the ear. The outer ear consists of the external pinna, as well as the auditory canal. Together, they collect sound waves and send them to the tympanic membrane. This membrane, known as the ear drum, separates the outer ear from the middle ear. In the middle ear, small bones (malleus, incus, and stapes) transmit amplified vibrations through the oval window to fluid within the vestibular canal. The round window of the tympanic canal serves as an escape valve for the pressure. The middle ear also opens into the Eustachian tube to aid in equalizing pressure between the middle ear and the atmosphere. The inner ear includes organs of equilibrium that sense the position of the body with respect to gravity. It consists of fluid-filled chambers, including the semicircular canals, as well as the bony cochlea that is involved in hearing. Hair cells in the organs of Corti in the cochlea are the receptors for hearing that generate action…arrow_forwardIt has been proposed that many of the muscles attached to the human ear served a purpose in other primates to help direct the ear toward sounds or otherwise move it. Human ears do not move much, despite the muscles attached to them. Thus, there is a hypothesis that human ear musculature no longer serves its original purpose, nor does it have a new purpose. If that is true, which of the terms below best describes these muscles? This was in your readings, but we haven't talked much about it in class. adaptation acclimitization vestigial O natural selection none of these is appropriate sexual selectionarrow_forward
- In many lizards, and all snakes, the tympanum is absent and the columella transmits vibrations directly from the quadrate to the ear. Explain how this might be adapted to a burrowing lifestyle.arrow_forwardWhy would a frog need to be able to detect higher frequency sounds than a salamander? How is their hearing apparatus modified for this, compared to the salamander?arrow_forwardThe ossicles: a. directly connect the tympanic membrane with the tectorial membrane b. provide mechanical advantage for the transmission of force to the oval window c. are composed of the incus, malleus, stapes, and pinna d. are tiny muscles providing mechanical force to dampen soundarrow_forward
- What function do the malleus, incus, and stapes bones in the inner ear play in processing sounds? A. The bones transform pressure waves into nerve impulses that the brain recognizes as sound. B. The bones equalize pressure between the middle ear and the atmosphere. C. The bones transmit vibrations to the oval window setting the fluid in the cochlea in motion. D. The bones depolarize or hyperpolarize hair cells depending on the direction they vibrate.arrow_forwardTributyltin (TBT) is a chemical used to prevent barnacles from clinging to ships. Its use has been linked to whale deafness, where the hair cells do not function properly. Since whales depend heavily on hearing for navigation and hunting, hearing loss can lead to whales being washed ashore. Assuming that the whale ear structures are similar to those of humans, identify the structure that would be affected by TBT in the image below. Select one: a. Number Structure 7 Auditory nerve b. Number Structure 8 Semicircular canals c. Number Structure 6 Organ of Corti d. Number Structure 4 Ossiclesarrow_forwardWhy do so many animals have two eyes?arrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
- Biology (MindTap Course List)BiologyISBN:9781337392938Author:Eldra Solomon, Charles Martin, Diana W. Martin, Linda R. BergPublisher:Cengage Learning
Biology (MindTap Course List)
Biology
ISBN:9781337392938
Author:Eldra Solomon, Charles Martin, Diana W. Martin, Linda R. Berg
Publisher:Cengage Learning
The Evolution of Populations: Natural Selection, Genetic Drift, and Gene Flow; Author: Professor Dave Explains;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SRWXEMlI0_U;License: Standard YouTube License, CC-BY
The Evolution of Humans | Evolution | Biology | FuseSchool; Author: FuseSchool - Global Education;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Vf_dDp7drFg;License: Standard YouTube License, CC-BY