Principles of Economics 2e
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9781947172364
Author: Steven A. Greenlaw; David Shapiro
Publisher: OpenStax
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Textbook Question
Chapter 31, Problem 29P
During the most recent recession, some economists argued that the change in the interest rates that comes about due to deficit spending implied in the
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The table sets out the data for an economy when
the government's budget is balanced.
The quantity of loanable funds demanded increases by
$1.5 billion at each real interest rate and the quantity of
loanable funds supplied increases by $0.5 billion at each
interest rate
If, at the same time the government budget becomes a
deficit of $1.0 billion, what are the real interest rate
and investment?
Does any crowding out occur?
>>> Answer to 1 decimal place
The real interest rate is
Investment is $ billion.
There
OA. is,
HI
percent a year
crowding out in this situation because
OB. is no
the deficit increases the real interest rate, which
decreases investment
investment is $7.0 billion
Real
interest rate
(percent
per year)
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Loanable funds Loanable funds
demanded
supplied
(billions of 2007 dollars)
8.0
7.5
7.0
6.5
6.0
5.5
5.0
5.0
5.5
6.0
6.5
7.0
7.5
8.0
How does the government budget deficit impact interest rates, investment, and economic growth? Explain your answer.
Textbook: Macroeconomics by P. Krugman & R. Wells (5th Edition)
Congress estimated that the cost of increasing support and expanding pre-kindergarten education and infant and toddler childcare would cost $28 billion in 2014. Since the U.S. government was running a budget deficit at the time, assume that the new pre-K funding was financed by the government borrowing, which increases the demand for loanable funds without affecting supply. This question considers the likely effect of this government expenditure on the interest rate.
a) Draw typical demand (D1) and supply (S1) curves for loanable funds without the cost of the expanded pre-K programs accounted for. Label the vertical axis “Interest rate” and the horizontal axis “Quantity of loanable funds.” Label the equilibrium point (e1) and the equilibrium interest rate (r1).
b) Now draw a new diagram with the cost of the expanded pre-K programs included in the analysis. Shift the demand curve in the appropriate direction. Label the…
Chapter 31 Solutions
Principles of Economics 2e
Ch. 31 - In a country, private savings equals 600, the...Ch. 31 - Assume an economy has a budget surplus of 1,000,...Ch. 31 - In the late 1990s, the U.S. government moved from...Ch. 31 - Imagine an economy in which Ricardian equivalence...Ch. 31 - Why have many education experts recently placed an...Ch. 31 - What are some steps the government can take to...Ch. 31 - Based on the national saving and investment...Ch. 31 - How would you expect larger budget deficits to...Ch. 31 - Under what conditions will a larger budget deficit...Ch. 31 - What is the theory of Ricardian equivalence?
Ch. 31 - What does the concept of rationality have to do...Ch. 31 - What are some of the ways fiscal policy might...Ch. 31 - What are some fiscal policies for improving a...Ch. 31 - What are some fiscal policies for improving the...Ch. 31 - Explain how cuts in funding for programs such as...Ch. 31 - Assume there is no discretionary increase in...Ch. 31 - Explain how decreased domestic investments that...Ch. 31 - The U.S. government has shut down a number of...Ch. 31 - Explain how a shift from a government budget...Ch. 31 - Describe how a plan for reducing the government...Ch. 31 - Explain whether or not you agree with the premise...Ch. 31 - Explain why the government might prefer to provide...Ch. 31 - Under what condition would crowding out not...Ch. 31 - What must take place for the government to run...Ch. 31 - Sketch a diagram of how a budget deficit causes a...Ch. 31 - Sketch a diagram of how sustained budget deficits...Ch. 31 - Assume that the newly independent government of...Ch. 31 - Illustrate the concept of Ricardian equivalence...Ch. 31 - During the most recent recession, some economists...
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- The U.S. government has shut down a number of times In recent history Explain how a government shutdown will affect the variables In the national Investment and savings identity Could the shutdown affect the government budget deficit?arrow_forwardDescribe how a plan for reducing the government deficit might affect a college student, a young professional, and a middle-income family.arrow_forwardWhat must take place for the government to run deficits without any crowding out?arrow_forward
- The table shows an economy's demand for loanable funds and supply of loanable funds schedules when the government's budget is balanced. The quantity of loanable funds demanded increases by $2.0 trillion at each real interest rate and the quantity of loanable funds supplied increases by $1.0 trillion at each interest rate. If, at the same time the government budget becomes a deficit of $1.0 trillion, what are the real interest rate, the quantity of loanable funds, investment, and saving? >>> Answer to 1 decimal place. Real interest rate (percent per year) Loanable funds Loanable funds demanded supplied (trillions of 2012 dollars per year) 4 7.5 6.5 5 7.0 7.0 6 6.5 7.5 7 6.0 8.0 8 5.5 8.5 9 5.0 9.0 10 4.5 9.5 The real interest rate is 7 percent a year. The quantity of loanable funds is $ trillion, investment is $ trillion, and saving is $ trillion.arrow_forwardIn the graph you've just made, what is the level of private saving when the government has a $1 trillion budget deficit? A. $2.5 trillion B. $2.0 trillion C. $1.5 trillion Thanks! Screenshot attachedarrow_forwardThe current market rate of interest is 10 percent. At that rate of interest, businesses borrow $300 billion per year for investment and consumers borrow $50 billion per year to finance purchases. The government is currently borrowing $150 billion per year to cover its budget deficit. a. Derive the market demand for loanable funds, and show how investors and consumers will be affected if the budget deficit increases to $250 billion per year. Draw a graph to show your conclusion. b. Assuming taxpayers do not anticipate an increase in the future market rate of interest due to the increase in budget deficit, show the impact of the increase in the budget deficit on the market for loanable funds.arrow_forward
- The table sets out the data for an economy when the government's budget is balanced. The quantity of loanable funds demanded increases by $1.5 billion at each real interest rate and the quantity of loanable funds supplied increases by $0.5 billion at each interest rate. If, at the same time the government budget becomes a deficit of $1.0 billion, what are the real interest rate and investment? Does any crowding out occur? >>> Answer to 1 decimal place. The real interest rate is C ... percent a year. Investment is $ billion. There crowding out in this situation because O A. is; OB. is no; the deficit increases the real interest rate, which decreases investment investment is $6.5 billion. Real interest rate (percent per year) 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Loanable funds Loanable funds supplied demanded (billions of 2007 dollars) 7.5 7.0 6.5 6.0 5.5 5.0 4.5 4.5 5.0 5.5 6.0 6.5 7.0 7.5arrow_forwardO point B. point C point D. point Aarrow_forwardThe current market rate of interest is 10 percent. At that rate of interest, businesses borrow $300 billion per year for investment and consumers borrow $50 billion per year to finance purchases. The government is currently borrowing $150 billion per year to cover its budget deficit. a. Derive the market demand for loanable funds, and show how investors and consumerswill be affected if the budget deficit increases to $250 billion per year. Draw a graph to show your conclusion. b. Assuming taxpayers do not anticipate an increase in the future market rate of interestdue to the increase in budget deficit, show the impact of the increase in the budgetdeficit on the market for loanable funds. c. How would your conclusion differ if taxpayers fully anticipate future tax increases tooffset the increase in the budget deficit? d. Do you think the Ricardian Equivalence is realistic?arrow_forward
- What is a budget deficit? How does it affect interest rates, investments and economic growth?arrow_forwardAnswer the questions below for the economy of Motak using the graph below. Government spending / net taxes 1000 900 800 700 600 500 400 300 200 100 0 The Economy of Motak 400 800 1200 1600 2000 Real GDP NTR G1 Tools / G₂ B a. If GDP is $1,200 and government spending is G₁, the size of Motak's budget deficit is $ b. If government spending is decreased by the size of the deficit in part (a), draw the new curve labelled G2 in the graphing area above. c. Suppose the multiplier has a value of 2, the new level of equilibrium GDP is $ d. Motak's deficit at this new level of equilibrium GDP is $ billion. billion. billion.arrow_forwardTo eliminate the deficit (and halt the growth of the net public debt), a politician suggests that “we should tax the rich.” The politician makes a simple arithmetic calculation in which he applies a higher tax rate to the total income reported by “the rich” in a previous year. He says that the government could thereby solve the deficit problem by taxing “the rich.” What is the major fallacy in such a claim?arrow_forward
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