College Physics
OER 2016 Edition
ISBN: 9781947172173
Author: OpenStax
Publisher: OpenStax College
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Textbook Question
Chapter 31, Problem 25CQ
Why is the number of neutrons greater than the number of protons in stable nuclei having A greater than about 40, and why is this effect more pronounced for the heaviest nuclei?
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Chapter 31 Solutions
College Physics
Ch. 31 - Suppose the range for 5.0 MeVa ray is known to be...Ch. 31 - What is the difference between (rays and...Ch. 31 - Ionizing radiation interacts with matter by...Ch. 31 - What characteristics of radioactivity show it to...Ch. 31 - What is the source of the energy emitted in...Ch. 31 - Consider Figure 31.3. If an electric field is...Ch. 31 - Explain how an (particle can have a larger range...Ch. 31 - Arrange the following according to their ability...Ch. 31 - Often, when people have to work around radioactive...Ch. 31 - Is it possible for light emitted by a scintillator...
Ch. 31 - The weak and strong nuclear forces are basic to...Ch. 31 - Define and make clear distinctions between the...Ch. 31 - What are isotopes? Why do different isotopes of...Ch. 31 - Star Trek fans have often heard the term...Ch. 31 - What conservation law requires an electron’s...Ch. 31 - Neutrinos are experimentally determined to have an...Ch. 31 - What do the three types of beta decay have in...Ch. 31 - In a 3109 yearold rock that originally contained...Ch. 31 - Does the number of radioactive nuclei in a sample...Ch. 31 - Radioactivity depends on the nucleus and not the...Ch. 31 - Explain how a bound system can have less mass than...Ch. 31 - Spontaneous radioactive decay occurs only when the...Ch. 31 - To obtain the most precise value of BE from the...Ch. 31 - How does the finite range of the nuclear force...Ch. 31 - Why is the number of neutrons greater than the...Ch. 31 - A physics student caught breaking conservation...Ch. 31 - When a nucleus (decays, does the (particle move...Ch. 31 - The energy of 30.0 eV is required to ionize a...Ch. 31 - A particle of ionizing radiation creates 4000 ion...Ch. 31 - (a) Repeat Exercise 31.2, and convert the energy...Ch. 31 - Suppose a particle of ionizing radiation deposits...Ch. 31 - Verify that a 2.31017kg mass of water at normal...Ch. 31 - Find the length of a side of a cube having a mass...Ch. 31 - What is the radius of an (particle?Ch. 31 - Find the radius of a 238Pu nucleus. 238Pu is a...Ch. 31 - (a) Calculate the radius of 58Ni, one of the most...Ch. 31 - The unified atomic mass unit is defined to be...Ch. 31 - What is the ratio of the velocity of a (particle...Ch. 31 - If a 1.50cmthick piece of lead can absorb 90.0% of...Ch. 31 - The detail observable using a probe is limited by...Ch. 31 - (a) Show that if you assume the average nucleus is...Ch. 31 - What is the radio of the velocity of a 5.00MeV...Ch. 31 - (a) What is the kinetic energy in MeV of a ray...Ch. 31 - In the following eight problems, write the...Ch. 31 - In the following eight problems, write the...Ch. 31 - In the following eight problems, write the...Ch. 31 - In the following eight problems, write the...Ch. 31 - In the following eight problems, write the...Ch. 31 - In the following eight problems, write the...Ch. 31 - In the following eight problems, write the...Ch. 31 - In the following eight problems, write the...Ch. 31 - decay producing 137Ba. The parent nuclide is a...Ch. 31 - ( decay producing 90Y. The parent nuclide is a...Ch. 31 - decay producing 228Ra. The parent nuclide is...Ch. 31 - decay producing 208Pb. The parent nuclide is in...Ch. 31 - When an electron and position annihilate, both...Ch. 31 - Confirm That charge, electron family number, and...Ch. 31 - Confirm that charge, electron family number, and...Ch. 31 - Confirm that charge, electron family number, and...Ch. 31 - Confirm that charge, electron family number, and...Ch. 31 - A rare decay mode has been observed in which 222Ra...Ch. 31 - (a) Write the complete a decay equation for 226Ra....Ch. 31 - (a) Write the complete a decay equation for 249Cf....Ch. 31 - (a) Write the complete decay equation for the...Ch. 31 - (a) Write the complete decay equation for 90Sr,...Ch. 31 - Calculate the energy released in the + decay of...Ch. 31 - (a) Write the complete + decay equation for llC....Ch. 31 - (a) Calculate the energy released in the a decay...Ch. 31 - (a) Write the complete reaction equation for...Ch. 31 - (a) Write the complete reaction equation for...Ch. 31 - Data from the appendices and the periodic table...Ch. 31 - Data from the appendices and the periodic table...Ch. 31 - Data from the appendices and the periodic table...Ch. 31 - Data from the appendices and the periodic table...Ch. 31 - Data from the appendices and the periodic table...Ch. 31 - Data from the appendices and the periodic table...Ch. 31 - Data from the appendices and the periodic table...Ch. 31 - Data from the appendices and the periodic table...Ch. 31 - Data from the appendices and the periodic table...Ch. 31 - Data from the appendices and the periodic table...Ch. 31 - Data from the appendices and the periodic table...Ch. 31 - Data from the appendices and the periodic table...Ch. 31 - Data from the appendices and the periodic table...Ch. 31 - Data from the appendices and the periodic table...Ch. 31 - Data from the appendices and the periodic table...Ch. 31 - Data from the appendices and the periodic table...Ch. 31 - Data from the appendices and the periodic table...Ch. 31 - Data from the appendices and the periodic table...Ch. 31 - Data from the appendices and the periodic table...Ch. 31 - Data from the appendices and the periodic table...Ch. 31 - Data from the appendices and the periodic table...Ch. 31 - Data from the appendices and the periodic table...Ch. 31 - Data from the appendices and the periodic table...Ch. 31 - Data from the appendices and the periodic table...Ch. 31 - Data from the appendices and the periodic table...Ch. 31 - 2H is a loosely hound isotope of hydrogen. Called...Ch. 31 - 56Feis among the most tightly bound of all...Ch. 31 - 209Bi is the heaviest stable nuclide, and its BE/A...Ch. 31 - (a) Calculate BE/A for 235U, the rarer of the two...Ch. 31 - (a) Calculate BE/A for 12C. Stable and relatively...Ch. 31 - The fact that BE/A is greatest for A near 60...Ch. 31 - The purpose of this problem is to show in three...Ch. 31 - Unreasonable Results A particle physicist...Ch. 31 - Derive an approximate relationship between the...Ch. 31 - Integrated Concepts A 2.00T magnetic ?eld is...Ch. 31 - (a) Write the decay equation for the decay of...Ch. 31 - Unreasonable Results The relatively scarce...Ch. 31 - Unreasonable Results A physicist scatters (rays...Ch. 31 - Unreasonable Results A frazzled theoretical...Ch. 31 - Construct Your Own Problem Consider the decay of...Ch. 31 - Prob. 1TPCh. 31 - Prob. 2TPCh. 31 - Prob. 3TPCh. 31 - Prob. 4TPCh. 31 - Prob. 5TPCh. 31 - Prob. 6TPCh. 31 - Prob. 7TPCh. 31 - Prob. 8TPCh. 31 - Prob. 9TPCh. 31 - Prob. 10TPCh. 31 - Prob. 11TPCh. 31 - Prob. 12TP
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- Verify that the total number of nucleons, total charge, and electron family number are conserved for each of the fusion reactions in the carbon cycle given in the above problem. (List the value of each of the conserved quantifies before and after each of the reactions.)arrow_forwardSuppose you have a pure radioactive material with a half-life of T1/2. You begin with N0 undecayed nuclei of the material at t = 0. At t=12T1/2, how many of the nuclei have decayed? (a) 14N0 (b) 12N0(C) 34N0 (d) 0.707N0 (e) 0.293N0arrow_forwardIn the following eight problems, write the complete decay equation for the given nuclide in the complete XZAN notation. Refer to the periodic table for values of Z. Electron capture by 7Be.arrow_forward
- Why is the number of neutrons greater than the number of protons in stable nuclei that have an A greater than about 40? Why is this effect more pronounced for the heaviest nuclei?arrow_forwardAssume onefourth of the yield of a typical 320kT strategic bomb comes from fission reactions averaging 200 MeV and the remainder from fusion reactions averaging 20 MeV. (a) Calculate the number of fissions and the approximate mass of uranium and plutonium fissioned, taking the average atomic mass to be 238. (b) Find the number of fusions and calculate the approximate mass of fusion fuel, assuming an average total atomic mass of the two nuclei in each reaction to be 5. (c) Considering the masses found, does it seem reasonable that some missiles could carry 10 warheads? Discuss, noting that the nuclear fuel is only a part of the mass of a warhead.arrow_forward(a) Calculate the energy released in the neutron- Induced fission reaction n+235U92Kr+142Ba+2n , given m(92Kr) = 91.926269 u and m(142Ba)= 141.916361 u. (b) Confirm that the total number of nucleons and total charge are conserved in this reaction.arrow_forward
- Check Your Understanding If the binding energy per nucleon is large, does this make it harder easier to strip off a nucleon from a nucleus?arrow_forward(a) Find the total energy released in MeV in each carbon cycle (elaborated in the above problem) including the annihilation energy. (b) How does this compare with the protonproton cycle output?arrow_forwardIn the following eight problems, write the complete decay equation for the given nuclide in the complete XZAN notation. Refer to the periodic table for values of Z. decay of 226Ra, another isotope in the decay series of 238U, FIrst recognized as a new element by the Curies. Poses special problems because its daughter is a radioactive noble gas. In the following four problems, identity the parent nuclide and write the complete decay equation in the XZAN notation. Refer to the periodic table for values of Z.arrow_forward
- (a) Calculate BE/A for 235U, the rarer of the two most common uranium isotopes. (b) Calculate BE/A for 238U. (Most of uranium is 238U.) Note that 238U has even numbers at both protons and neutrons. Is the BE/A of 238U significantly different from that of 235U?arrow_forwardNeutrons from a source (perhaps the one discussed in the preceding problem) bombard natural molybdenum, which is 24 percent 98Mo. What is the energy output of the reaction 98Mo+n99Mo+ ? The mass of 98MB is given in Appendix A: Atomic Masses, and that of 99Mo is 98.907711 u.arrow_forwardIn the following eight problems, write the complete decay equation for the given nuclide in the complete XZAN notation. Refer to the periodic table for values of Z. + decay of 50Mn.arrow_forward
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